A method and device for measuring the magnetic rigidity of penetrating charged particles uses an elongated transparent ionizable medium, surrounded by a reflective interface, extending along a helical path around a longitudinal axis. A magnet applies a magnetic field to the medium in a direction along the longitudinal axis. A single luminosity proportional photon detector is operationally associated with the medium and adapted to generate signals indicative of the number of photons transiting the medium. A controller is adapted to receive the signals and calculate a penetration depth of the ionizing particle through the medium based on the number of photons transiting the medium and a magnetic rigidity of the charged particle based upon the penetration depth.

A radiation detection device includes a circuit board, a light receiving sensor having a light receiving region and a plurality of circuit regions, an FOP, a scintillator layer, and a plurality of wires. The FOP includes a first portion facing the light receiving region and fixed to the light receiving sensor, a second portion facing the circuit region while separated from the light receiving sensor, and a second portion facing the circuit region while separated from the light receiving sensor. The second portions are integrally formed with the first portion. One end of the wire is connected to the circuit region in a region between the light receiving sensor and the second portion, and one end of the wire is connected to the circuit region in a region between the light receiving sensor and the second portion.

An active matrix substrate includes a TFT. The TFT includes a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer overlapping the gate electrode with a gate insulating film interposed therebetween, and a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the semiconductor layer. The source electrode, the drain electrode, and the semiconductor layer are covered with a first insulating film. The gate insulating film includes a first stepped portion in a portion covering a peripheral portion of the gate electrode. The first insulating film includes a first opening at a position overlapping a portion of the first stepped portion that is not covered with the source electrode and the drain electrode in a plan view.

Methods and systems are provided for imaging assemblies including different layers. The layers include a planar layer positioned on imaging components. A scintillator layer is positioned above the planar layer and a sealing layer is positioned above the scintillator layer.

Some embodiments include an x-ray system, comprising: an x-ray imager including a plurality of imaging layers; an x-ray source configured to generate an x-ray beam; and an x-ray prefilter; wherein: the x-ray prefilter is configured to adjust an energy spectrum of the x-ray beam to create or decrease a level of x-ray fluence of a local minimum between two of a plurality of local maximums.

A gamma-ray detector includes a plurality of modular one-dimensional arrays of monolithic detector sub-modules. Each monolithic detector sub-module includes a scintillator layer, a light-spreading layer, and a photodetector layer. The photodetector layer comprises a two-dimensional array of photodetectors that are arranged in columns and rows. A common printed circuit board is electrically coupled to the photodetectors of the monolithic detector sub-modules of a corresponding modular one-dimensional array. The photodetectors can be electrically coupled in a split-row configuration or in a checkerboard configuration. The photodetectors can also have a differential readout.

A radiation detection device includes: a radiation detection panel; a supporting member having a first surface and a second surface being opposite to the first surface, wherein the radiation detection panel is provided at a side of the first surface; an electronic component that is provided on the second surface of the supporting member and drives the radiation detection panel or processes an electric signal output from the radiation detection panel; and a housing that accommodates the radiation detection panel, the supporting member, and the electronic component, a bottom of the housing which faces the second surface comprises a flat portion and a slope portion that is adjacent to the flat portion and becomes closer to the second surface as becoming further away from the flat portion, and the electronic component is provided at a position as defined herein.

Interstitial brachytherapy is a cancer treatment in which radioactive material is placed directly in the target tissue of the affected site using an afterloader. The accuracy of this placement is monitored in real time using a urinary catheter that locates the radioactive material according to the radiation levels measured by sensors in the walls of the urinary catheter. A scintillator that is embedded in the walls of the urinary catheter produces light when irradiated by the radioactive material. This light is proportional to the level of radiation at each location. The light produced by each scintillator is carried through optical fibers and then converted to an electrical signal that is proportional to the light and the radiation level at each location. The radioactive material is located according to the plurality of electrical signals. This location can be used as quality control feedback to the afterloader.

A radiation detection device includes a scintillator, a photodetector for detecting scintillation light from the scintillator and outputting a detection signal, a first comparator for comparing the detection signal with a first threshold voltage V1 and outputting a signal having a first time width T1, a first time width measurement device for measuring the first time width T1, a second comparator for comparing the detection signal with a second threshold voltage V2 and outputting a signal having a second time width T2, a second time width measurement device for measuring the second time width T2, and an analysis unit for obtaining a time constant τ indicating a time waveform of the detection signal based on the first and second time widths T1 and T2.

A nanocrystal scintillator that contains a thin-film layer of perovskite-based quantum dots coated on a substrate layer. The quantum dots each have a formula of CsPbX.sub.aY.sub.3-a, CH.sub.3NH.sub.3PbX.sub.3, or NH.sub.2CH═NH.sub.2PbX.sub.3, in which each of X and Y, independently, is Cl, Br, or I, and a is 0-3. The substrate layer is an aluminum substrate, a fluoropolymer substrate, a fiber optic plate, a ceramic substrate, or a rubber substrate. Also disclosed are an ionizing radiation detector and an ionizing radiation imaging system containing such a nanocrystal scintillator.