A scintillator system is disclosed for detecting incoming radiation. The system makes use of a scintillator structure having first and second dissimilar materials. The first dissimilar material emits a first color of light and the second dissimilar material emits a second color of light different from the first color of light. Either one, or both, of the first or second colors of light are emitted in response to receipt of the incoming radiation. A plurality of light detectors is disposed in proximity to the scintillator structure for detecting the first and second different colors of light and generating output signals in response thereto. A detector electronics subsystem is responsive to the output signals and provides an indication of colors emitted by the scintillator structure to infer at least one property of the incoming radiation.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to neutron detection and gamma ray detection. In one aspect, a detector comprises a scintillator structure that comprises an organic scintillator and an inorganic scintillator. The organic scintillator is in the form of one or more elements of a specified length. The inorganic scintillator is in the form of one or more elements of the specified length. First ends of the one or more organic scintillator elements and first ends of the one or more inorganic scintillator elements define a first surface. Second ends of the one or more organic scintillator elements and second ends of the one or more inorganic scintillator elements define a second surface.

A radiation imaging apparatus comprising a first scintillator, a second scintillator which receives radiation transmitted through the first scintillator, conversion elements and a controller is provided. The conversion elements include first conversion elements and second conversion elements with different sensitivities for detecting light emitted from at least one of the first scintillator or the second scintillator. During radiation irradiation, the controller obtains, from a signal output from one or more measuring element configured to measure a dose of incident radiation, a first signal corresponding to light converted from radiation by the second scintillator, and outputs, based on the first signal, a stop signal configured to stop the radiation irradiation, and after the radiation irradiation, the controller causes the first conversion elements and the second conversion elements to output signals configured to generate an energy subtraction image.

Cerenkov Emission (CE) during external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) from a linear accelerator (Linac) has been demonstrated as a useful tool for radiotherapy quality assurance and potentially other applications for online tracking of tumors during treatment. However, an overlooked area is the molecular probing of the cancer status during delivery mainly due to the limited detection sensitivity of CE and lack of flexible tools to fit into an already complex treatment delivery environment. Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) can be used for low light detection due to their extreme sensitivity that mirrors photomultiplier tubes and yet has a form factor that is similar to silicon photodiodes, allowing for improved flexibility in device design. This work assesses the feasibility of using SiPMs to detect CE, interrogate the tumor molecular status during EBRT, and contrast its performance with silicon photodiodes (PDs) available commercially.

An imaging system includes radiation source that emits radiation that traverses an examination region and a portion of a subject therein and a detector array that detects radiation that traverses the examination region and the portion of the subject therein and generates a signal indicative thereof. A volume scan parameter recommender recommends at least one spectral scan parameter value for a volume scan of the portion of the subject based on a spectral decomposition of first and second 2D projections acquired by the radiation source and detector array. The first and second 2D projections have different spectral characteristics. A console employs the recommended at least one spectral scan parameter value to perform the volume scan of the portion of the subject.

Various techniques are provided to detect the direction and location of one or more radiation sources. In one example, a system includes a plurality of radiation detectors configured to receive radiation from a radiation source. A first one of the radiation detectors is positioned to at least partially occlude a second one of the radiation detectors to attenuate the radiation received by the second radiation detector. The system also includes a processor configured to receive detection information provided by the first and second radiation detectors in response to the radiation, and determine a direction of the radiation source using the detection information. A modular system including gamma radiation detectors and neutron radiation detectors and related methods are also provided. In some cases, radiation source type may be determined in addition to or separate from radiation source direction.

A scintillator layer (206) includes a plurality of scintillator pixels (337), walls of non-scintillation material (336) surrounding each of the plurality of scintillator pixels, and at least one electrically conductive interconnect (224) for a pixel, wherein the at least one electrically conductive interconnect extends within a wall of the pixel along an entire depth of the wall. A multi-energy detector array (114) includes a detector tile (116) with an upper scintillator layer (202), an upper photosensor (204) optically coupled to the upper scintillator layer, a lower scintillator layer (206) electrically coupled to the upper photosensor, and a lower photodetector (208) optically and electrically coupled to the lower scintillator layer. The lower scintillator layer includes at least one scintillator pixel (337) surrounded by at least one wall of non-scintillation material (336), and the wall includes at least one electrically conductive interconnect (224) that extends from a top edge of the wall to a bottom edge of the wall.

An electromagnetic radiation detector of an embodiment includes a first scintillation detector that detects incidence of electromagnetic radiation and includes a first scintillator that outputs photons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic radiation; a second scintillation detector that detects scattered electromagnetic radiation exiting from the first scintillation detector, the scattered electromagnetic radiation that occurs inside the first scintillation detector due to Compton scattering of the electromagnetic radiation; and a multi-channel analyzer that performs multi-channel analysis of a result of the detection by the first scintillation detector, the result being other than results of the detection, timing of which is considered to coincide with timing of the detection by the second scintillation detector. The second scintillation detector includes a second scintillator formed by turning scintillator powder into paste and solidifying the paste into a thick film through compression and drying.

A radiation detection device includes a scintillator, a photodetector for detecting scintillation light from the scintillator and outputting a detection signal, a first comparator for comparing the detection signal with a first threshold voltage V1 and outputting a signal having a first time width T1, a first time width measurement device for measuring the first time width T1, a second comparator for comparing the detection signal with a second threshold voltage V2 and outputting a signal having a second time width T2, a second time width measurement device for measuring the second time width T2, and an analysis unit for obtaining a time constant τ indicating a time waveform of the detection signal based on the first and second time widths T1 and T2.

A filter assembly includes comprises an incident medium, a spacer, at least one dielectric filter and an exit medium. The spacer is arranged between the incident medium and the at least one dielectric filter such that the incident medium and the at least one dielectric filter are spaced apart by a working distance and thereby enclose a medium of lower index of refraction than the incident medium. The at least one dielectric filter is arranged on the exit medium.