A subsurface continuous radioisotope environmental monitor that provides a continuous monitoring of the possible presence of radioactive species in subsurface groundwater. The detector and all supporting system elements are specifically constructed and equipped to be permanently mounted in a well or borehole to continuously detect and record radiation decay of radioactive species that are borne by subsurface water flow to that sampling area. The system operates by placing a detection element in a housing such that subsurface water that reaches the bore or well can flow in contact with the detection element. The system can employ several detection modes and materials. The detector includes SiPMs operating in a coincidence spectroscopy configuration to significantly reduce spurious signals due to thermal noise as well as increasing the total amount of signals collected.

A method and apparatus to manufacture a coherent bundle of scintillating fibers is disclosed. A method includes providing a collimated bundle having a glass preform with capillaries therethrough known in the industry as a glass capillary array, and infusing the glass capillary array with a scintillating polymer or a polymer matrix containing scintillating nanoparticles.

A scintillator for imaging using X-rays or gamma rays or charged particles, includes a network of glass capillaries with an inner diameter no greater than 500 micrometers. The capillaries are filled with a polymer material made up of at least: (i) a monomer selected from the group including vinyltoluene, styrene and vinylxylene and the isomers thereof, (ii) a cross-linking agent made up of a dimethacrylate having a central chain which includes 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and (iii) lead dimethacrylate. The cross-linking agent is provided to make up 17 wt % to 60 wt % of the mixture thereof with the monomer, and the lead dimethacrylate makes up at least 5 wt %. The cross-linking agent is provided in a ratio of 1.75 to 2.25 times the weight content of the lead dimethacrylate.

Distributed fiber optic sensors formed by covering the fibers with tubing are provided. The tubing including responsive materials formulated or configured to, responsive to exposure to one of a target chemical species and a target radiation particle, change a relative size and generate a localized effect on or in the optical fiber.

A scintillator for imaging using X-rays or gamma rays or charged particles, includes a network of glass capillaries with an inner diameter no greater than 500 micrometers. The capillaries are filled with a polymer material made up of at least (i) a monomer selected from the group comprising vinyltoluene, styrene and vinylxylene and the isomers thereof, (ii) a cross-linking agent made up of a divinylbenzene or a dimethacrylate having a central chain which includes 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and (iii) triphenylbismuth. The cross-linking agent is provided to make up 10 wt % to 60% wt of the mixture thereof with the monomer, and the triphenylbismuth makes up at least 5 wt %. The cross-linking agent is provided in a ratio of 0.75 to 2.25 times the weight content of the triphenylbismuth.

A method is for the production of a scintillator fiber. In an embodiment, the method includes provisioning a suspension of a binder dissolved in a solvent and a scintillator material; and pressing the suspension into a precipitation bath in which the binder is insoluble.

A PET detector having some light guides not cut, comprising a light guide bar array unit having some light guides not cut. The light guide bar array unit is in the form of an array consisting of a plurality of parallel light guide bars (2), and adjacent light guide bars (2) in some regions of the light guide bar array unit and a reflective material (4) between every two light guide bars are replaced with a light guide three-dimensional block having the identical shape and volume, taken as a whole. The detector sequentially comprises a layer formed by a scintillating crystal array unit, a layer formed by the light guide bar array unit, and a layer formed by a silicon photomultiplier array unit in an arrangement order.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to beam stops. In one aspect, a device comprises a luminescent material, a beam stop plate, and an optical fiber. The luminescent material is a parallelepiped having a first side and a second side that are squares and having a third side that is a rectangle or a square. The first side and the second side are perpendicular to the third side. The beam stop plate is attached to the first side of the luminescent material. The optical fiber has a first end and a second end, with the first end of the optical fiber attached to the third side of the luminescent material.

Three semiconductor detectors are installed at positions where incidence of radiation on a scintillation detector is not blocked, at equal intervals centered on a central axis of the scintillation detector and at equal angles with respect to a plane which is at a right angle to the central axis. An energy compensation factor is determined on the basis of an average pulse height value obtained from a second pulse height spectrum obtained by analog voltage pulses which are output from these semiconductor detectors, and energy characteristics of a high-range dose rate obtained by a direct-current voltage which is output from the scintillation detector are compensated for.

The present invention relates a detector (11) for detecting megavoltage X-ray radiation (3), comprising a scintillator (2) including a plurality of heavy scintillating fibers (13) for emitting scintillation photons in response to incident megavoltage X-ray radiation (3), a support structure (15) for supporting said plurality of heavy scintillating fibers (13) and holding them in place; and a photodetector (17) for detecting the spatial intensity distribution of the emitted scintillation photons. The present invention further relates to an apparatus (35) for radiation therapy comprising a particle accelerator (37) and a detector (11) for detecting megavoltage radiation. Still further, the present invention relates to methods for detecting X-ray radiation and for radiation therapy.