The luminance of a transmission mode X-ray scintillator diamond plate is dominated by induced defect centers having an excited state lifetime less than 10 msec, and in embodiments less than 1 msec, 100 usec, 10 used, 1 used, 100 nsec, or even 50 nsec, thereby providing enhanced X-ray luminance response and an X-ray flux dynamic range that is linear with X-ray flux on a log-log scale over at least three orders of magnitude. The diamond plate can be a single crystal having a dislocation density of less than 10.sup.4 per square centimeter, and having surfaces that are ion milled instead of mechanically polished. The defect centers can be SiV centers induced by silicon doping during CVD diamond formation, and/or NV0 centers formed by nitrogen doping followed by applying electron beam irradiation of the diamond plate and annealing.

Provided are a system and method for processing a beam position monitor signal using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampler corresponding to an analog part and an FPGA corresponding to a digital signal processing part. The ADC sampler measures signal intensity through an optimization of an ADC sampling rate and bits using a radio frequency (RF) switch and a low noise amplifier (LNA), and converts an analog signal into a digital signal. The FPGA extracts only an optimized harmonic signal among multiple harmonic signals of the digital signal converted by the ADC sampler, through a digital band pass filter; and performs beam position measurement, beam phase measurement and relative beam current measurement on the extracted digital signal through a digital circuit.

Disclosed is an adjustable transmission device for measuring transverse parameters of beams, including: a CCD transmission support assembly, an external transmission rod, the CCD transmission support assembly is connected with a support block, and the support block is provided with the slotted set screw with flat point, and is connected with a limit block via a first fastener; a snap ring is arranged in the rear of the external transmission and is matched with a base; the base is connected with the CCD fixed plate via a second fastener. The external transmission rod is provided with a second groove for mounting the first retaining ring, and a side of the first retaining ring is sequentially provided with a vacuum observation window, a second retaining ring, a head assembly, a retaining sleeve and a screwing mechanism.

A system for characterising a beam of charged particles. The includes a stack comprising an ultra-thin pattern formed from an electrically conductive material; a thin substrate bearing the pattern. The stack forms an emitting electrode able to emit secondary electrons in proximity to a surface of the pattern when the emitting electrode is passed through by the beam of charged particles.

A method and apparatus are provided for positron emission imaging to calibrate energy measurements of a pixilated gamma-ray detector using energy calibration based on a calibration with a distribution energy signature (i.e., having more spectral features than just a single full-energy peak). The energy calibration can be performed using a deep learning (DL) network or a physics-based model. Using the DL network, a calibration spectrum is applied to either generate the measured-signal values of known energy values (e.g., spectral peaks for spectra of various radioactive isotopes) or the parameters of an energy-calibration function/model.

Disclosed is an adjustable transmission device for measuring transverse parameters of beams, including: a CCD transmission support assembly, an external transmission rod, the CCD transmission support assembly is connected with a support block, and the support block is provided with the slotted set screw with flat point, and is connected with a limit block via a first fastener; a snap ring is arranged in the rear of the external transmission and is matched with a base; the base is connected with the CCD fixed plate via a second fastener. The external transmission rod is provided with a second groove for mounting the first retaining ring, and a side of the first retaining ring is sequentially provided with a vacuum observation window, a second retaining ring, a head assembly, a retaining sleeve and a screwing mechanism.

In a radiation detector, elements that detect radiation and generate charges are arranged in a matrix form. The radiation detector selects and reads out charges, which correspond to a dose of the radiation, row by row at predetermined periods. The radiation detector starts selection of rows from a first row without waiting for completion of readout of one frame which is a period where selection of rows from the first row to a last row is completed.

A verification device for robotic radiotherapy provides beam imaging displaced from an isocenter of a treatment plan to isolate individual beams for comparison to a baseline image to deduce convergence or target deviations in each of three dimensions over the area of a planar imager and perpendicular to that area.

Disclosed are a system and method for processing a beam position monitor signal. The system includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampler configured to measure signal intensity through the optimization of an ADC sampling rate and bits using a radio frequency (RF) switch and a low noise amplifier (LNA) and to convert an analog signal into a digital signal and an FPGA configured to perform digital signal processing. The FPGA is further configured to include a digital signal synthesizer configured to extract only an optimized harmonic signal of multiple harmonic signals of the digital signal converted by the ADC sampler through a digital band pass filter so that the multiple harmonic signals are separated and signal processing is performed for each harmonics, and an IQ calculator configured to perform beam position measurement, beam position measurement and relative beam current measurement on the extracted digital signal through a digital circuit.

The present invention describes a dense radiation map generation system using radiation detection sensors with advanced signal processing algorithms. Only a small number of detectors is needed, and yet dense radiation maps can be generated via signal processing algorithms. The detectors are wirelessly connected to a data processing center. The present invention utilizes an integrated system for dense radiation map generation, making it feasible to low cost and real-time radiation monitoring.