This disclosure is related generally to marine surveying. An apparatus for generation of seismic waves in a body of water may include a wave generator. The apparatus may further include a housing defining an internal chamber having an open end. The housing may include baffles positioned between the open end and the wave generator. The housing may further include a vent positioned on an opposite end of the housing from the baffles.

A method of passive acoustic source positioning of sea-going platforms is disclosed. The method includes positioning of RGPS pods and AHRS acoustic sensors on a fixed surface. Further, the method includes positioning an air gun including gun strings and positioning a set of reflective nodes (sonar bells) along each gun string on each gun cluster position with known fixed offsets. The reflective nodes will reflect the echo from the AHRS acoustic sensor, which will accurately capture their position and transmit the position data to a surface vessel.

A method of passive acoustic source positioning of sea-going platforms is disclosed. The method includes positioning of RGPS pods and AHRS acoustic sensors on a fixed surface. Further, the method includes positioning an air gun including gun strings and positioning a set of reflective nodes (sonar bells) along each gun string on each gun cluster position with known fixed offsets. The reflective nodes will reflect the echo from the AHRS acoustic sensor, which will accurately capture their position and transmit the position data to a surface vessel.

A method for 2D seismic data acquisition includes determining source-point seismic survey positions for a combined deep profile seismic data acquisition with a shallow profile seismic data acquisition wherein the source-point positions are based on non-uniform optimal sampling. A seismic data set is acquired with a first set of air-guns optimized for a deep-data seismic profile and the data set is acquired with a second set of air-guns optimized for a shallow-data seismic profile. The data are de-blended to obtain a deep 2D seismic dataset and a shallow 2D seismic dataset.

A method for 2D seismic data acquisition includes determining source-point seismic survey positions for a combined deep profile seismic data acquisition with a shallow profile seismic data acquisition wherein the source-point positions are based on non-uniform optimal sampling. A seismic data set is acquired with a first set of air-guns optimized for a deep-data seismic profile and the data set is acquired with a second set of air-guns optimized for a shallow-data seismic profile. The data are de-blended to obtain a deep 2D seismic dataset and a shallow 2D seismic dataset.

The invention relates to continuously or near continuously acquiring seismic data where at least one pulse-type source is fired in a distinctive sequence to create a series of pulses and to create a continuous or near continuous rumble. In a preferred embodiment, a number of pulse-type seismic sources are arranged in an array and are fired in a distinctive loop of composite pulses where the returning wavefield is source separable based on the distinctive composite pulses. Firing the pulse-type sources creates an identifiable loop of identifiable composite pulses so that two or more marine seismic acquisition systems with pulse-type seismic sources can acquire seismic data concurrently, continuously or near continuously and the peak energy delivered into the water will be less, which will reduce the irritation of seismic data acquisition to marine life.

The invention relates to continuously or near continuously acquiring seismic data where at least one pulse-type source is fired in a distinctive sequence to create a series of pulses and to create a continuous or near continuous rumble. In a preferred embodiment, a number of pulse-type seismic sources are arranged in an array and are fired in a distinctive loop of composite pulses where the returning wavefield is source separable based on the distinctive composite pulses. Firing the pulse-type sources creates an identifiable loop of identifiable composite pulses so that two or more marine seismic acquisition systems with pulse-type seismic sources can acquire seismic data concurrently, continuously or near continuously and the peak energy delivered into the water will be less, which will reduce the irritation of seismic data acquisition to marine life.

The method is aimed at improving the accuracy and reliability of exploration and prospecting for minerals in a complex geological environment, as well as studying the dynamics of the active zones of the earth's crust.

Advantages: Improved accuracy and reliability of geological forecasts, which results in more accurate design, development, and execution of the corresponding business projects. Reduced risks of the damage to industrial infrastructure (existing oil field's equipment) compared to using the seismic vibration survey. Expanded geophysical support range for production processes within the universal methodology of high-resolution seismic research. Reduced cost relative to the traditional approach.

The method is aimed at improving the accuracy and reliability of exploration and prospecting for minerals in a complex geological environment, as well as studying the dynamics of the active zones of the earth's crust.

Advantages: Improved accuracy and reliability of geological forecasts, which results in more accurate design, development, and execution of the corresponding business projects. Reduced risks of the damage to industrial infrastructure (existing oil field's equipment) compared to using the seismic vibration survey. Expanded geophysical support range for production processes within the universal methodology of high-resolution seismic research. Reduced cost relative to the traditional approach.

The present invention provides a selection method of array length of observation system, comprising: step S101: obtaining a seismic response equation for any point on ground based on wavefield propagation theory; step S102: determining at least one selection criterion of an optimum array length considering different factors according to the seismic response equation; step S103: obtaining the array lengths considering the different factors respectively according to the at least one selection criterion of the optimum array length; and step S104: integrating the array lengths considering the different factors and determining that the optimum array length is ?{square root over (2)} times the depth of the destination layer. Compared with conventional array length calculation method the demonstration method of array length as proposed in the present invention has the advantages of higher accuracy and applicability for destination layers. It also has important significance in high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional marine seismic explorations.