A method is herein presented to statistically combine multiple seismic attributes for generating a map of the spatial density of fractures. According to an embodiment a first step involves interpreting the formation of interest in 3D seismic volume first to create its time structure map. The second step is creating depth structure of the formation of interest from its time structure map. In this application geostatistical methods have been used for depth conversional, although other methods could be used instead. The third step is extraction of a number of attributes, such as phase, frequency and amplitudes, from the time structure map. The next step is to project the fracture density onto the top of the target formation. The final step is to combine these attributes using a statistical method known as Multi-variant non-linear regression to predict fracture density.

Synthetic survey data is generated using a two-way or one-way wave propagator based on a current model of a target structure. The current model is modified to reduce a difference between the synthetic survey data and observed survey data, while maintaining unchanged a velocity component of the current model, where the modifying of the current model produces a modified model. The modified model is used to reduce an adverse effect of multiples in the target structure, or to promote a favorable effect of multiples in the target structure.

The orientation of the symmetry axis of an underground formation including an HTI layer is determined by comparing azimuthal Fourier coefficient of inversion results in distinct source-receiver azimuth ranges with values expected from the HTI assumption. A branch-stacking technique or prior knowledge may be used to select one of the anisotropy axis orientation values.

A system and method for analyzing geologic features including fluid estimation and lithology discrimination may include the steps of identifying areas of interest on a seismic horizon, computing statistical data ranges for the seismic amplitudes within the areas of interest, and analyzing the geologic features based on the amplitude variation with offset (AVO) or angle (AVA) curves including the statistical data ranges.

A device for evaluating characteristics of a target ground containing a metal component is proposed. The device includes: a penetration probe having a main frame and a pair of side frames respectively installed at opposite side ends of the main frame, wherein each side frame has a lower end thereof extending downward from the main frame; a plurality of electrodes installed to be exposed to outside on the main frame; an electrode measurement part for measuring apparent chargeability of the target ground by applying power for measurement to the plurality of electrodes; and a main processor for calculating a weight ratio of a metal component of the target ground on the basis of the apparent chargeability measured by the electrode measurement part and calculating a volume ratio of the metal component of the target ground on the basis of the calculated weight ratio of the metal component.

A method of performing single trace inversion to characterize changes in a subsurface region includes obtaining a base seismic trace and a monitor seismic trace of the subsurface region at different respective times. The method includes generating a predicted monitor seismic trace from the base seismic trace by a process including applying a time shift to the base seismic trace, the time shift being derived from estimated velocity perturbations occurring between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, compensating for amplitude changes between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, wherein the time shift is applied to the amplitude changes, and minimizing a difference between the predicted monitor seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace by iteratively estimating the velocity perturbations to obtain final estimated velocity perturbations. Changes of at least part of the subsurface region may be characterized using the final estimated velocity perturbations.

A method includes receiving, via a processor, input data based upon received seismic data, migrating, via the processor, the input data via a pre-stack depth migration technique to generate migrated input data, encoding, via the processor, the input data via an encoding function as a migration attribute to generate encoded input data having a migration function that is non-monotonic versus an attribute related to the input data, migrating, via the processor, the encoded input data via the pre-stack depth migration technique to generate migrated encoded input data, and generating an estimated common image gather based upon the migrated input data and the migrated encoded input data. The method also includes generating a seismic image utilizing the estimated common image gather, wherein the seismic image represents hydrocarbons in a subsurface region of the Earth or subsurface drilling hazards.

A method including obtaining, for a subterranean region, a set of sedimentary pathways, a sediment attribute map, and an area of interest. From these inputs, a sedimentary fairway, and a sedimentary fairway attribute based on the location of the origin point of each member of the set of sedimentary pathways, and a spatial location of the terminal point of each member of the set of sedimentary pathways are determined. Further, the method includes dividing the sedimentary fairway into one or more sedimentary pathway domains and a sediment attribute profile for each sedimentary pathway domain based on a trajectory of each sedimentary pathway, and determining an intersection of the trajectory of each sedimentary pathway with one or more boundaries of the area of interest. The method also includes determining a sedimentary attribute at the entry points, and a sedimentary attribute at the exit points of the set of sedimentary pathways with the area of interest, and a change in the sedimentary attribute between the entry and exit points.

Predicting elastic parameters of a subsurface includes modelling changes in the shear modulus and changes in the bulk modulus of the subsurface as a combination of a host medium shear modulus and host medium bulk modulus and a plurality of inclusion shear moduli and inclusion bulk moduli. Each inclusion shear modulus and inclusion bulk modulus associated with a unique inclusion geometry. An inclusion-based rock physical model is used to solve the models for changes in shear modulus and changes in bulk modulus to predict an effective shear modulus of the subsurface and an effective bulk modulus of the subsurface.

Computing device, computer instructions and method for estimating a broadband wavelet associated with a given seismic data set. The method includes receiving broadband seismic data; constructing and populating a misfit function; calculating the broadband wavelet based on the misfit function and the broadband seismic data; and estimating physical reservoir properties of a surveyed subsurface based on the broadband wavelet. The broadband wavelet is constrained, through the misfit function, by (1) an amplitude only long wavelet, and (2) an amplitude and phase short wavelet. The amplitude and phase short wavelet is shorter in time than the amplitude only long wavelet.