A sample inspection system contains a source of electromagnetic radiation and an apparatus that includes a beam former, a collimator and an energy resolving detector. The beam former is adapted to receive electromagnetic radiation from the source to provide a polygonal shell beam formed of at least three walls of electromagnetic radiation. The collimator has a plurality of channels adapted to receive diffracted or scattered radiation at an angle. The energy resolving detector is arranged to detect radiation diffracted or scattered by a sample upon incidence of the polygonal shell beam onto the sample and transmitted by the collimator.

A method for operating a measurement system (100) comprises: generating a beam of electromagnetic radiation (25) directed along a central ray (27) using a radiation source (19); moving the radiation source (19) relative to an object region (35) so that the central ray (27) is directed onto a radiation detector (31) during the movement; wherein the moving of the radiation source (19) relative to the object region (35) comprises: rotating the radiation source (19) about a first axis of rotation (D1), wherein the radiation source (19) is disposed eccentrically to the first axis of rotation (D1); rotating the radiation source (19) about a second axis of rotation (D2), wherein the first axis of rotation (D1) and the second axis of rotation (D2) together enclose an acute angle (?) amounting to at most 80?.

A method for operating a measurement system (100) comprises: generating a beam of electromagnetic radiation (25) directed along a central ray (27) using a radiation source (19); moving the radiation source (19) relative to an object region (35) so that the central ray (27) is directed onto a radiation detector (31) during the movement; wherein the moving of the radiation source (19) relative to the object region (35) comprises: rotating the radiation source (19) about a first axis of rotation (D1), wherein the radiation source (19) is disposed eccentrically to the first axis of rotation (D1); rotating the radiation source (19) about a second axis of rotation (D2), wherein the first axis of rotation (D1) and the second axis of rotation (D2) together enclose an acute angle (?) amounting to at most 80?.

There are provided systems and methods comprising obtaining an image of at least a part of an item, obtaining data informative of a pixel intensity of the part of the item in the image, obtaining first data informative of a pixel intensity in an image of a part of a first item associated with a prohibited material, wherein the part of the first item meets a similarity criterion with the part of the item, obtaining second data informative of a pixel intensity in an image of a part of a second item which is not associated with a prohibited material, wherein the part of the second item meets the similarity criterion with the part of the item, and using the first data, the second data and the data to determine whether the part of the item is associated with a concealed prohibited material in the image.

There are provided systems and methods comprising obtaining an image of at least a part of an item, obtaining data informative of a pixel intensity of the part of the item in the image, obtaining first data informative of a pixel intensity in an image of a part of a first item associated with a prohibited material, wherein the part of the first item meets a similarity criterion with the part of the item, obtaining second data informative of a pixel intensity in an image of a part of a second item which is not associated with a prohibited material, wherein the part of the second item meets the similarity criterion with the part of the item, and using the first data, the second data and the data to determine whether the part of the item is associated with a concealed prohibited material in the image.

Disclosed herein are a scanning method and apparatus suitable for scanning a pipeline or process vessel in which a beam of gamma radiation from a source is emitted through the vessel to be detected by an array of detectors which are each collimated to detect radiation over a narrow angle relative to the width of the emitted radiation beam.

The present disclosure provides a spiral Computed Tomography (CT) device and a three-dimensional image reconstruction method. The spiral CT device includes: an inspection station configured to carry an object to be inspected, the inspection station defining an inspection space which is located above the inspection station and is used for accommodating the object to be inspected; a rotational supporting apparatus which is disposed around the inspection space in a plane parallel to a first direction and is rotatable around the inspection space in a detection state; a plurality of X-ray sources located on the rotational supporting apparatus and configured to transmit X-rays to pass through the inspection space; and a plurality of X-ray receiving apparatuses in one-to-one correspondence to the plurality of X-ray sources, the plurality of X-ray receiving apparatuses being located on the rotational supporting apparatus opposite to the plurality of X-ray sources respectively and configured to collect the X-rays passing through the inspection space, wherein the plurality of X-ray sources and the plurality of X-ray receiving apparatuses are rotational synchronously with the rotational supporting apparatus.

The present disclosure discloses an inspection system for quarantine and a method thereof. The CT technology is applied to the field of quarantine supervision, overcoming a problem of objects in an image of a single-view or a multi-view X-ray machine being overlapped, as well as a problem of organics including contrabands in a conventional CT image being not highlighted, not elaborated, and having bad contrast. Accuracy and efficiency of inspecting an object by human operator for quarantine inspection can be considerably improved, which is of a high application value.

A linear x-ray tube having one or more x-ray sources is configured for insertion into the soil in proximity to a root system of a plant for emission of an x-ray beam detected by a linear array of one or more x-ray detectors. The linear x-ray tube and detector array may be inserted into rhizotrons previously inserted into the soil. Various combinations of multiple x-ray tubes and/or detector arrays may be utilized to customize the x-ray imaging of the root system.

An improved dual energy CT imaging system for providing improved imaging and improved material identification.