A device may include a processor that may separate or deblend signals acquired with simultaneous source shooting, in an environment with background noise or other types of noises. The processor may expand a receiver gather before the time of source excitation. The processor may use the expanded time window (e.g., negative time window) to allocate the background noise or other types of noises after removal. The processor may use signal recovery operations to reallocate leaked or misplaced signals created during the separation iterations, including the signals inside the expanded time window, to a correct source excitation and timing. Expanding a receiver gather time window and reallocating leaked or misplaced signals may improve a deblended output used in generating a seismic image.

A hydroponic growing apparatus, system, and method is provided. The hydroponic grower includes one or more seed beds each having a length and a width operably supported by a framework. A seed belt is rotatable around each of the one or more seed beds between loading and offloading positions to and from a seed growing position. Seed is discharged onto the seed belt for hydroponically growing a seed atop of the one or more seed beds. Seed growth can be offloaded through the path of a stream of liquid exiting a liquid nozzle for cutting through offloaded seed growth in at least one direction.

Methods for measuring seismic velocities and for monitoring local changes in inter-well seismic velocities in real time are described. Two or more spaced-apart observation wells are provided. Seismic receiver arrays are placed in the observation wells, and a seismic source array is provided at surface locations away from the well bores and producing areas. Compression (P), vertical shear (Sv) and/or horizontal shear (Sh) seismic wave signals are generated from each element of the seismic source array, and the seismic signals arriving at the receivers in the observation wells are recorded. The virtual source method is then applied to the recorded data to compute emulated cross-well seismic signals of the virtual sources at receiver locations in one observation well propagating toward the receivers at other observation wells. Analysis of direct arrivals of emulated cross-well seismic signals can be completed to extract travel times, inter-well seismic velocities, and rock properties.

Various aspects described herein relate to a machine learning based signal recovery. In one example, a computer-implemented method of noise contaminated signal recovery includes receiving, at a server, a first signal including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion indicative of data collected by a plurality of sensors, the second portion representing noise; performing a first denoising process on the first signal to filter out the noise to yield a first denoised signal; applying a machine learning model to determine a residual signal indicative of a difference between the first signal and the first denoised signal; and determining a second signal by adding the residual signal to the first denoised signal, the second signal comprising (i) signals of the first portion with higher magnitudes than the noise in the second portion, and (ii) signals of the first portion having lower magnitudes than the noise in the second portion.

Scattered body waves are isolated to primary, shear, and surface waves as a receiver wavefield from recorded near-surface scattered wave data generated by scatters. The isolated receiver wavefield is backward propagated through an earth model from a final to an initial state. A source wavefield and the receiver wavefields are cross-correlated. A source wavefield and the receiver wavefields are stacked, over all time steps and sources, to generate a subsurface image. A display of the subsurface image is initiated.

A dip angle-steering median filtering method based on a niche differential evolution algorithm, comprising the following steps: dividing a data to be processed into a series of overlapping time-space windows; obtaining an event energy curve in a time-space window and obtaining an event position according to a local maximum value of the event energy curve; obtaining event dip angles and coherence values of the event dip angles through the niche differential evolution algorithm at the event position; filtering the event dip angles according to the event dip angles and the coherence values of the event dip angles; and performing a median filtering sequentially along a filtering dip angle. The disclosure can simultaneously obtain all dip angles of intersecting events and a true three-dimensional feature enable the present disclosure to obtain a better filtering effect.

A method can include receiving seismic survey data of a subsurface environment from a seismic survey that includes a source arrangement of sources that is spatially denser than a receiver arrangement of receivers; processing the seismic survey data using the principle of reciprocity for performing interpolation across the receivers to generate processed seismic survey data; and generating an image of at least a portion of the subsurface environment using the processed seismic survey data.

Systems and methods for filtering interface waves from single component seismic data are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of filtering seismic data includes comparing amplitude coefficients of a matrix storing the seismic data in a time-frequency domain against an amplitude threshold, and comparing frequencies of the matrix against a maximum expected frequency of noise. The method further includes, for each amplitude coefficient having less than the amplitude threshold and an associated frequency less than the maximum expected frequency of noise, scaling the amplitude coefficient to reduce its value. The method also includes performing an inverse time-frequency transformation on the matrix to generate a noise model in a time domain, and subtracting the noise model from the seismic data in the time domain to generate filtered seismic data.

A method for performing a formation-related operation based on corrected vertical seismic profile (VSP) data of an earth formation includes performing a VSP survey and applying a normal moveout (NMO) correction equation to the survey data that is a function of source offset to wellhead. The method also includes solving the NMO correction equation using a simulated annealing algorithm having an object function that is a coherence coefficient of semblance analysis of an NMO corrected reflection event within a time window to provide NMO corrected data. The method further includes performing the formation-related operation at at least one of a location, a depth and a depth interval based on the VSP NMO corrected data.

The present application provides a vector denoising method and a vector denoising device for multicomponent seismic data, which relate to the field of seismic data processing technologies. The vector denoising method for multicomponent seismic data includes: decomposing multicomponent seismic gather data to obtain a plurality of small multicomponent seismic data; obtaining quaternary frequency domain seismic data by performing a quaternary Fourier transformation according to each of the plurality of small multicomponent seismic data; extracting frequency slices from the quaternary frequency domain seismic data in a quaternary frequency domain, and filtering the frequency slices by using a Cadzow filtering method to obtain filtered quaternary frequency domain seismic data; and performing an inverse quaternary Fourier transformation on the filtered quaternary frequency domain seismic data to obtain filtered seismic data of each component.