A method that includes transforming a relative amplitude preserved 3D seismic volume acquired in the time-domain into a plurality of isofrequency volumes, extracting from the plurality of isofrequency volumes a first isofrequency spectral amplitude volume and a second isofrequency spectral amplitude volume. The method further includes determining an attribute volume from the two isofrequency spectral amplitude volumes, and determining a presence of gas in a subterranean region of interest based on the attribute volume.

Various embodiments of quantifying a clathrate deposit in a subsurface from seismic data are provided. In one embodiment, the method includes using a computing system in: determining a maximum and a minimum value of a pull-up, where the pull-up is from a digital image; estimating a sound-wave speed of a clathrate deposit causing the pull-up and a sound-wave speed of a background deposit, where the clathrate deposit and the background deposit are different; calculating a gross clathrate thickness using the maximum value of the pull-up, the minimum value of the pull-up, the sound-wave speed of the clathrate deposit, and the sound-wave speed of the background deposit; using the sound-wave speed of the clathrate deposit to establish a relationship with clathrate concentration value; and determining a net clathrate thickness using a product of the gross clathrate thickness and the clathrate concentration value. Also provided are embodiments of producing hydrocarbons.

A method of measuring a rate of mineralization, including: positioning a seismic sensor and/or a harmonic sensor in acoustic communication with a rock formation; injecting carbon dioxide into a borehole in the rock formation; reacting the carbon dioxide with the rock formation to form mineralized carbon dioxide; measuring an acoustic activity generated in the rock formation with the seismic sensor and/or harmonic sensor during the reacting; calculating the rate of mineralization based on the acoustic activity; and adjusting a rate of carbon dioxide injection into the rock formation based on the calculated rate of mineralization.