An optical resin composition of the present invention includes fluorine-containing resin and a refractive index modifier. The optical resin composition satisfies the following matter (a) or (b): (a) the refractive index modifier includes 95 mass % or more of a linear polymer (A) including repeating units based on a fluorine-containing ethylene-based monomer such that the number of the repeating units is 5, and a proportion of a content of the linear polymer (A) in the optical resin composition is 1 mass % or more and less than 15 mass %; (b) the refractive index modifier includes 95 mass % or more of a linear polymer (B) including repeating units based on a fluorine-containing ethylene-based monomer such that the number of the repeating units is 6, and a proportion of a content of the linear polymer (B) in the optical resin composition is 1 mass % or more and less than 13 mass %.

A resin optical waveguide containing a core, an under cladding and an over cladding having refractive indices lower than that of the core, in which the resin optical waveguide has, at one end side of, a core-exposed section at which the over cladding is not present and the core and the under cladding nearby the core are exposed and, of the under cladding, a portion corresponding to the core-exposed section has a first layer and a second layer that satisfy a certain condition.

A polymer composite for use as a solar cell encapsulant is defined by a thin film having a first side and an opposing second side and at least one optical structure formed in the film. The least one optical structure includes one or more waveguide formed by a core of a high-refractive index polymer, such as an acrylate and a cladding of a low refractive index polymer, such as a silicone. In a preferred embodiment, two intersecting waveguide arrays are defined, each having waveguides disposed at equal and opposite angles in relation to a normal of a surface of the film. The polymer composite further includes at least one light conversion material that is capable of upconverting and/or downconverting UV and/or IR portions of light entering the film into visible light.

Electro-optic (EO) devices having an EO polymer core comprising a first host polymer and a first nonlinear optical chromophore (NLOC); and a cladding comprising a second host polymer and a second NLOC, and methods of preparing the same; wherein the first NLOC has a first bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; wherein the second NLOC has a second bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; and wherein the second bridge is less conjugated than the first bridge such that the cladding has an index of refraction that is less than that of the EO polymer core, and wherein the second NLOC is present in the second host polymer in a concentration such that the cladding has a conductivity equal to or greater than at least 10% of the conductivity of the EO polymer core at a poling temperature.

In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a photonic waveguide formed in an element of core material and comprising a waveguide core extending within the core material and surrounded by core material with a modified index of refraction, and a fiber positioned in a slot formed in the element of core material with a core of the fiber aligned with the waveguide core. A method for forming the photonic waveguide and fiber coupling is also disclosed herein.

An illumination structure of the present invention is an illumination structure that lights a sunshade or a glass roof. The illumination structure includes: a frame-like first bracket coupled to a headliner along the circumferential edge of a headliner opening for reinforcing the headliner opening; a frame-like second bracket coupled to the first bracket so as to be overlaid on the back side of the first bracket for reinforcing the headliner opening in cooperation with the first bracket; and a light emitter held between the first bracket and the second bracket. Light from the light emitter is emitted through a gap between the first bracket and the second bracket.

An illumination structure of the present invention is an illumination structure that lights a sunshade or a glass roof. The illumination structure includes: a frame-like first bracket coupled to a headliner along the circumferential edge of a headliner opening for reinforcing the headliner opening; a frame-like second bracket coupled to the first bracket so as to be overlaid on the back side of the first bracket for reinforcing the headliner opening in cooperation with the first bracket; and a light emitter held between the first bracket and the second bracket. Light from the light emitter is emitted through a gap between the first bracket and the second bracket.

A polymer optical fibre (POF) (30) for transmitting light of wavelength, ?i, between two separate elements of an active implantable medical device (AIMD), includes a core (31) which is cylindrical and made of a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) or copolymer (COC), having a core refractive index at the wavelength, ?i, n_core, A cladding (32) which has a cladding refractive index at the wavelength, ?i, n_clad<n_core, and which is made of a cladding copolymer including monomers of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride. The cladding being itself enclosed in a coating (33) which is made of a coating polymer formed of one of the monomers of the cladding copolymer. The POF has a numerical aperture, NA, at the wavelength, ?i, of at least 0.5.

A polymer optical fibre (POF) (30) for transmitting light of wavelength, ?i, between two separate elements of an active implantable medical device (AIMD), includes a core (31) which is cylindrical and made of a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) or copolymer (COC), having a core refractive index at the wavelength, ?i, n_core, A cladding (32) which has a cladding refractive index at the wavelength, ?i, n_clad<n_core, and which is made of a cladding copolymer including monomers of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride. The cladding being itself enclosed in a coating (33) which is made of a coating polymer formed of one of the monomers of the cladding copolymer. The POF has a numerical aperture, NA, at the wavelength, ?i, of at least 0.5.

Optical fibers containing wet-spun multi-layer hydrogel cladding with ionic-crosslinked polysaccharides are provided. Optical fibers can be formed with step- or gradient-index architectures, fusion splicing, and facile rare-earth ion doping. Plasmonic nanoparticles, functionalized light-sensitive quantum dots, or particles can be incorporated into the fiber core to generate a resonance light shift upon the presence and binding of molecular biotargets for biosensor applications. The integration of plasmonic hydrogel fibers with medical swabs provides for rapid detection of pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). The inclusion of living cells allows for the non-invasive digitalization and quantification of complex biological responses such as cancer proliferative invasion and discovery of anti-cancer drug susceptibility thresholds.