An optical waveguide-forming composition: 100 parts by mass of a reactive silicone compound (a) composed of a polycondensate of a diarylsilicic acid compound A of Formula [1]

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Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are a phenyl, naphthyl or a biphenyl group optionally substituted, and an alkoxy silicon compound B of Formula [2]

Ar.sup.3Si(OR.sup.1).sub.aR.sup.2.sub.3-a[2]

Ar.sup.3 is a phenyl, naphthyl or biphenyl group having at least one group having a polymerizable double bond, R.sup.1 is methyl or ethyl group, R.sup.2 is methyl, ethyl, or vinylphenyl group, and a is 2 or 3, and 1 part by mass to 200 parts by mass of a di(meth)acrylate compound (b) of Formula [3].

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R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom, methyl group, or ethyl group, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are an alkylene group, and m and n are 0 or a positive integer, wherein m+n is 0 to 20.

Waveguides that include a top cladding layer; a bottom cladding layer; and a core layer positioned between the top cladding layer and the bottom cladding layer, the core layer including a material having a refractive index of not less than 2.1, for example amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide (SiC:H), or bismuth titanate. Methods of forming core layers of waveguides are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to the field of single-mode optical fibers and discloses a bending-insensitive, radiation-resistant single-mode optical fiber, sequentially including from inside to outside: a core, inner claddings, and an outer cladding, all made from a quartz material. The inner claddings comprise, from inside to outside, a first fluorine-doped inner cladding and a second fluorine-doped inner cladding. The core and the first fluorine-doped inner cladding are not doped with germanium. The respective concentrations of other metal impurities and phosphorus are less than 0.1 ppm. By mass percent, the core has a fluorine dopant content of 0-0.45% and a chlorine content of 0.01-0.10%; the first fluorine-doped inner cladding has a fluorine concentration of 1.00-1.55%; and the second fluorine-doped inner cladding has a fluorine concentration of 3.03-5.00%.

This application relates to a bifunctional and flexible hydrogel optical fiber, a preparation method and an application thereof. Raw materials of a fiber core include polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), methacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2,2-diethoxy-phenylacetophenone (DMPA); raw materials of an intermediate fiber layer include Synechococcus cells, PEGDA, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), anhydrous strontium chloride and DMPA; and raw materials of a cladding include PEGDA, methacrylamide, sodium alginate and DMPA. A continuous and controllable direct oxygen supply function is provided through an optical fiber structure.

A gel composition is herein disclosed. According to one embodiment, the composition comprises a (i) a styrenic block copolymer, (ii) an oil; and (iii) optional additives; wherein the styrenic block copolymer comprises: a diblock polymer having a monoalkenyl arene block, designated A, a conjugated diene block, designated B, an isoprene attachment, designated i, and wherein the styrenic block copolymer can have structure ABi or iAB; the isoprene attachment i is substantially unsaturated and the conjugated diene block B is substantially saturated. The gel composition before curing exhibits thixotropic behavior, and the gel composition after curing is either solid or has a viscosity at 25 C. at a shear rate of 20 s.sup.1 of at least 30000 mPa.Math.s.

Problem to Be Solved: to provide a chromophore having a far superior nonlinear optical activity to conventional chromophores and to provide a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

Solution: a chromophore comprising a donor structure D, a -conjugated bridge structure B, and an acceptor structure A, the donor structure D comprising an aryl group substituted with a substituted oxy group; and a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

A method of manufacturing a biopolymer optofluidic device including providing a biopolymer, processing the biopolymer to yield a biopolymer matrix solution, providing a substrate, casting the biopolymer matrix solution on the substrate, embedding a channel mold in the biopolymer matrix solution, drying the biopolymer matrix solution to solidify biopolymer optofluidic device, and extracting the embedded channel mold to provide a fluidic channel in the solidified biopolymer optofluidic device. In accordance with another aspect, an optofluidic device is provided that is made of a biopolymer and that has a channel therein for conveying fluid.

A polymer represented by the formula (1) is provided.

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in which R.sub.A1 and R.sub.A2 have the meanings as defined in the claims and the description. X represents a phenylene group, an ethylene group, or a phenylenevinylene group, R.sub.D1 and R.sub.D2 have the meanings as defined in the claims and the description. Y represents a linking group. Po represents a polymer structure.

Nonreciprocal optical transmission devices and optical apparatuses including the nonreciprocal optical transmission devices are provided. A nonreciprocal optical transmission device includes an optical input portion, an optical output portion, and an intermediate connecting portion interposed between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and comprising optical waveguides. A complex refractive index of any one or any combination of the optical waveguides changes between the optical input portion and the optical output portion, and a transmission direction of light through the nonreciprocal optical transmission device is controlled by a change in the complex refractive index.

A resin optical waveguide containing a core, an under cladding and an over cladding having refractive indices lower than that of the core, in which the resin optical waveguide has, at one end side of, a core-exposed section at which the over cladding is not present and the core and the under cladding nearby the core are exposed and, of the under cladding, a portion corresponding to the core-exposed section has a first layer and a second layer that satisfy a certain condition.