The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device including: a light receiving portion provided in a semiconductor layer of a first conductor type, the light receiving portion being of a second conductor type that is different from the first conductor type a buffer layer provided at a light incidence side of the light receiving portion, the buffer layer being of the first conductor type: and a low refractive index layer provided at a light incidence side of the buffer layer, the low refractive index layer having a lower refractive index than refractive indices of the semiconductor layer and the buffer layer.

The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device including: a light receiving portion provided in a semiconductor layer of a first conductor type, the light receiving portion being of a second conductor type that is different from the first conductor type a buffer layer provided at a light incidence side of the light receiving portion, the buffer layer being of the first conductor type: and a low refractive index layer provided at a light incidence side of the buffer layer, the low refractive index layer having a lower refractive index than refractive indices of the semiconductor layer and the buffer layer.

An optical element has a substrate body made from transparent plastic and a coating having multiple layers. The coating includes a hard lacquer layer adjoining the substrate. The coating has a diffusivity ensuring the absorption of water molecules passing through the coating in the substrate and the release of water molecules from the substrate through the coating from an air atmosphere on that side of the coating facing away from the substrate with a flow density which, proceeding from the equilibrium state of the quantity of water molecules absorbed in the substrate in an air atmosphere at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity, brings the setting of the equilibrium state of the quantity of water molecules absorbed in the substrate in an air atmosphere at 40° C. and 95% relative humidity within an interval not more than 10 h longer than for setting this equilibrium under corresponding conditions with an identical uncoated substrate.

This optical device comprises an ophthalmic lens and a light source emitting in the deep red and near infrared region. The ophthalmic lens has front and rear faces coated with interferential coatings. The mean reflectance of the rear interferential coating is lower than or equal to 2.5% for wavelengths ranging from 700 nm to a predetermined maximum wavelength lower than or equal to 2500 nm, at an angle of incidence lower than or equal to 45°. At an angle of incidence lower than or equal to 45°, for wavelengths ranging from 700 nm to the predetermined maximum wavelength, the mean reflectance of the front interferential coating is either lower than or equal to 2.5% if the source is directed towards the front face of the ophthalmic lens, or higher than or equal to 25% if the source is directed towards the rear face of the ophthalmic lens.

A mirror mounting member is formed of a ceramic structure with a prismatic or angular cylindrical shape and includes, as outer surfaces, a joining surface configured to join to a to-be-joined surface, and an inclined surface inclined relative to the joining surface. The inclined surface is a mounting surface on which is mounted a reflective film that reflects light emitted from a light source. The joining surface includes a plurality of first grooves extending in a longitudinal direction of the structure and a plurality of second grooves intersecting the first grooves. The first grooves are open at both ends, and the second grooves are sealed at an end portion located on a side where light is reflected by the reflective film.

An optical member includes a base material and a film on the base material, the film includes hollow particles that have prickle-like protrusions on their surface, the heights of the protrusions are 3 nm or more and 20 nm or less, the proportion of the prickle-like protrusions is 3% or more and 30% or less of the particle surface, and the film includes 50 percent by volume or more and 68 percent by volume or less of hollow particles. Consequently, an antireflection film having a low refractive index and a low level of scattering in combination is provided.

An optical member includes a base material and a film on the base material, the film includes hollow particles that have prickle-like protrusions on their surface, the heights of the protrusions are 3 nm or more and 20 nm or less, the proportion of the prickle-like protrusions is 3% or more and 30% or less of the particle surface, and the film includes 50 percent by volume or more and 68 percent by volume or less of hollow particles. Consequently, an antireflection film having a low refractive index and a low level of scattering in combination is provided.

Methods and systems for depositing a thin film are disclosed. The methods and systems can be used to deposit a film having a uniform thickness on a substrate surface that has a non-planar three-dimensional geometry, such as a curved surface. The methods involve the use of a deposition source that has a shape in accordance with the non-planar three-dimensional geometry of the substrate surface. In some embodiments, multiple layers of films are deposited onto each other forming multi-layered coatings. In some embodiments, the multi-layered coatings are antireflective (AR) coatings for windows or lenses.

Methods and systems for depositing a thin film are disclosed. The methods and systems can be used to deposit a film having a uniform thickness on a substrate surface that has a non-planar three-dimensional geometry, such as a curved surface. The methods involve the use of a deposition source that has a shape in accordance with the non-planar three-dimensional geometry of the substrate surface. In some embodiments, multiple layers of films are deposited onto each other forming multi-layered coatings. In some embodiments, the multi-layered coatings are antireflective (AR) coatings for windows or lenses.

A light reflecting lens includes a lens body, a light diffusion layer, and a light-transmitting cover layer. The lens body has a front surface and a back surface opposite to each other. The light diffusion layer includes spread aggregates formed by spraying a dispersion of light-transmitting resinous micro-beads and is formed on one of the front and back surfaces of the lens body. The light-transmitting cover layer is formed on the light diffusion layer. The spread aggregates have a mean aggregate size such that the light reflecting lens has a haze not larger than 3% and a transmittance not less than 3%.