The invention provides an anti-glare coating of wide bandgap nanostructured oxide material so as to reduce the dazzling reflections of sunlight and avoid light pollution generated by spacecraft. The coating provides selective electrodeposition of a nanostructured wide bandgap oxide material on the metal contact grid on the surface of a solar panel of a spacecraft or a satellite in which the metal contact grid constitutes the cathode, and the resulting nanostructures have a width and spacing less than the wavelength ‘λ’ of the incident light or equal to ‘λ/n’ with λ located between 180 nm and 8μm, and ‘n’ being the refractive index of the nanostructured material so that for angles of incidence between 0.01 and 90 degrees less than 0.5% of light is reflected.

The invention provides an anti-glare coating of wide bandgap nanostructured oxide material so as to reduce the dazzling reflections of sunlight and avoid light pollution generated by spacecraft. The coating provides selective electrodeposition of a nanostructured wide bandgap oxide material on the metal contact grid on the surface of a solar panel of a spacecraft or a satellite in which the metal contact grid constitutes the cathode, and the resulting nanostructures have a width and spacing less than the wavelength ‘λ’ of the incident light or equal to ‘λ/n’ with λ located between 180 nm and 8μm, and ‘n’ being the refractive index of the nanostructured material so that for angles of incidence between 0.01 and 90 degrees less than 0.5% of light is reflected.

An optical member that has excellent antireflection properties and that can maintain antifogging properties over a long term, and a method for manufacturing an optical member are provided. The optical member includes, in sequence, a substrate, a porous layer, and a multilayered antireflection layer. The ratio n/n.sub.0 is 0.85 or more and 0.95 or less, where n represents a refractive index of a layer having the highest refractive index among layers included in the antireflection layer and n.sub.0 represents a refractive index of a compound constituting the layer having the highest refractive index at a theoretical density.

An optical member that has excellent antireflection properties and that can maintain antifogging properties over a long term, and a method for manufacturing an optical member are provided. The optical member includes, in sequence, a substrate, a porous layer, and a multilayered antireflection layer. The ratio n/n.sub.0 is 0.85 or more and 0.95 or less, where n represents a refractive index of a layer having the highest refractive index among layers included in the antireflection layer and n.sub.0 represents a refractive index of a compound constituting the layer having the highest refractive index at a theoretical density.

A camera module includes an imaging lens assembly, an image sensor and an optical plate. The image sensor is disposed on an image surface of the imaging lens assembly. The optical plate is disposed between the imaging lens assembly and the image sensor, and includes a substrate and at least one anti-reflection layer. The substrate has an object-side surface and an image-side surface, the object-side surface faces towards an object side, the image-side surface faces towards an image side, and the object-side surface is parallel with the image-side surface. The at least one anti-reflection layer is disposed on the object-side surface or the image-side surface of the substrate, the anti-reflection layer includes a nanocrystal structure layer and an optical-connecting layer, wherein the nanocrystal structure layer includes a metal oxide crystal, the optical-connecting layer connects the substrate and the nanocrystal structure layer.

There is provided a new and improved master manufacturing method, master, and optical body enabling more consistent production of optical bodies having a desired haze value, the master manufacturing method including: forming a first micro concave-convex structure, in which an average cycle of concavities and convexities is less than or equal to visible light wavelengths, on a surface of a base material body that includes at least a base material; forming an inorganic resist layer on the first micro concave-convex structure; forming, on the inorganic resist layer, an organic resist layer including an organic resist and filler particles distributed throughout the organic resist; and etching the organic resist layer and the inorganic resist layer to thereby superimpose and form on the surface of the base material a macro concave-convex structure and a second micro concave-convex structure.

There is provided a new and improved master manufacturing method, master, and optical body enabling more consistent production of optical bodies having a desired haze value, the master manufacturing method including: forming a first micro concave-convex structure, in which an average cycle of concavities and convexities is less than or equal to visible light wavelengths, on a surface of a base material body that includes at least a base material; forming an inorganic resist layer on the first micro concave-convex structure; forming, on the inorganic resist layer, an organic resist layer including an organic resist and filler particles distributed throughout the organic resist; and etching the organic resist layer and the inorganic resist layer to thereby superimpose and form on the surface of the base material a macro concave-convex structure and a second micro concave-convex structure.

The present invention aims to provide a low refractive index layer that can attain both a low refractive index and a high mechanical strength even when it has a large thickness. The low refractive index layer of the present invention is a low refractive index layer in the form of a void-containing layer, wherein hollow particles each having a void space inside are further contained in the void-containing layer, and the low refractive index layer has a refractive index of 1.25 or less.

The present invention aims to provide a low refractive index layer that can attain both a low refractive index and a high mechanical strength even when it has a large thickness. The low refractive index layer of the present invention is a low refractive index layer in the form of a void-containing layer, wherein hollow particles each having a void space inside are further contained in the void-containing layer, and the low refractive index layer has a refractive index of 1.25 or less.

Disclosed are optical systems that vary the refractive index of at least one relatively angled transmissive surface to reduce reflections. Embodiments include at least one optical component with relatively angled surface portions that are transmissive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR). In certain embodiments, an electrically conductive layer reflective to EMR and an anti-reflective coating are proximate the optical component. The anti-reflective coating includes a gradient-index (GRIN) layer with an index of refraction that varies across a length to increase propagation of EMR at a predetermined angle of incidence to prevent reflection of the EMR between the angled transmissive surfaces.