Systems including one or both of a light emitter or a light receiver and an optical filter adjacent one or both of the light emitter or the light receive are described. The optical filter includes a wavelength selective scattering layer that scatters near-infrared light less than visible light. The wavelength selective scattering layer includes a plurality of particles. The plurality of particles have an imaginary refractive index less than 10.

There is provided a microlens array diffuser plate including: a microlens group positioned on a surface of a transparent substrate. The microlens group at least corresponding to a light ray entering part in the microlens array diffuser plate includes two or more unit cells that are continuous in an array sequence, and the unit cells include a plurality of microlenses positioned on the surface of the transparent substrate. The light ray entering part has at least two regions having different average diffusion angles.

A mount includes an active area in which an optical element may be located. The mount is bonded to a neighboring mount using adhesives that are placed on a top side of a wall structure of the mount. Migration of the adhesives from the wall of the mount into the active area is prevented by use of groove-structures and micro-wall structures located in a buffer area of the mount that circumscribes the active area. In some embodiments, a diffuser is located in the buffer area of the mount to redirect the emitted light as desired for a particular application.

A low reflective film includes a first resin layer. The first resin layer includes a binder resin and an organic resin particle having an average particle size D.sub.50 of 2 to 20 μm. A surface of the first resin layer has a reflectance and gloss values satisfying the following relationships: (1) regular reflectance at 70 degrees: 0.0% or more and 2.5% or less (wavelength 550 nm); (2) specular gloss value at 60 degrees: 0.0% or more and 6.0% or less; specular gloss value at 75 degrees: 0.0% or more and 6.0% or less; specular gloss value at 85 degrees: 0.0% or more and 6.0% or less; and (3) a sum of a specular gloss value at 20°, a specular gloss value at 45°, the specular gloss value at 60°, the specular gloss value at 75°, and the specular gloss value at 85° is 7.5% or less.

An optical filter includes: a base material; and a plurality of light scattering particles mixed into the base material. The plurality of light scattering particles include a plurality of scattering elements which differ from each other in a manner of appearance of “scattered light intensity distribution for respective wavelengths”. With such a configuration, it is possible to provide the optical filter which is an optical filter can be manufactured without using a method which roughens the surface of the optical filter and is an optical filter for soft focusing which can suppress the occurrence of an iris phenomenon. It is also possible to provide a lens unit which can suppress the occurrence of an iris phenomenon.

A polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display including the same are provided. A polarizing plate includes a polarizing film and a contrast-improving optical film sequentially stacked in the stated order. The contrast-improving optical film includes a contrast-improving layer including a first resin layer and a second resin layer facing the first resin layer. The second resin layer includes a patterned portion having optical patterns and a flat section between the optical patterns. The second resin layer satisfies Equation 1, and the polarizing plate has a contrast ratio gain of about 1.00 or more, as represented by Equation 2.

The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein X, L, V, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, are as defined herein.

A light source lighting device includes: a laser light source unit; a converging lens that converges a plurality of light beams emitted from the laser light source unit; a diffuser plate that diffuses a plurality of light beams converged by the converging lens; and a second collimating lens that collimates a light beam diffused by the diffuser plate. The converging lens has an aspherical surface, the second collimating lens has a spherical surface, the aspherical surface of the converging lens has an aspherical surface coefficient that is set to cancel a positive spherical aberration of the second collimating lens. A luminous flux density in a proximity of an optical axis is lower than a luminous flux density in a peripheral part away from the optical axis, the optical axis being an axis of a light beam emitted from the second collimating lens.

An optical film according to various embodiments of the disclosure may include: a prism pattern layer having one surface on which a plurality of prisms having pattern directions parallel to each other in a first direction are provided; a first diffusion layer provided on the other surface of the prism pattern layer; a base film that is in contact with the first diffusion layer on one surface and has an optical axis direction in a second direction different from the first direction; and a second diffusion layer that is in contact with the other surface of the base film. In addition, an optical film and a backlight unit including the optical film according to various embodiments may be provided.

The present disclosure describes lighting assemblies (e.g., taillight assemblies) for vehicles that diffuse and block light transmission from a centralized light source, which inhibits (if not entirely prevents) the creation and perception of hotspots from one or more points-of-view (e.g., from the sides and/or the rear of the vehicle) while producing a more homogenous overall appearance. In one embodiment of the disclosure, the lighting assembly includes: a light source; a diffuser that is spaced axially from the light source; a lens that is spaced axially from the diffuser; and a shield that is located axially between the diffuser and the lens. The diffuser includes first and second lateral ends and is configured to receive and disperse light from the light source through the lighting assembly. The shield is configured to interfere with light transmission from the light source through the at least one lens and thereby inhibit hotspot perception.