A plastic optical fiber including a first cladding; a first core forming a first sea portion inside the first cladding; and a first island portion formed inside the first core with at least an outer periphery having a lower refractive index than the first sea portion, wherein the first core includes a polymethyl methacrylate-based resin.

Disclosed are image relay elements exhibiting transverse Anderson localization for light field and holographic energy sources. The relay elements may include a relay element body having one or more structures, where the structures can be coupled in series, in parallel and/or in stacked configurations. The structures may have multiple surfaces such that energy waves propagating therethrough the relay elements may experience spatial magnification or de-magnification.

A method of processing by controlling one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam may include: launching the optical beam into a first length of fiber having a first refractive-index profile (RIP); coupling the optical beam from the first length of fiber into a second length of fiber having a second RIP and one or more confinement regions; modifying the one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam in the first length of fiber, in the second length of fiber, or in the first and second lengths of fiber; confining the modified one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam within the one or more confinement regions of the second length of fiber; and/or generating an output beam, having the modified one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam, from the second length of fiber. The first RIP may differ from the second RIP.

The disclosed embodiments generally relate to extruding multiple layers of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. In particular, the aspects of the disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for producing a Bragg reflector comprising co-extrusion of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape.

Disclosed herein are methods, apparatus, and systems for providing an optical beam delivery system, comprising an optical fiber including a first length of fiber comprising a first RIP formed to enable, at least in part, modification of one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam by a perturbation assembly arranged to modify the one or more beam characteristics, the perturbation assembly coupled to the first length of fiber or integral with the first length of fiber, or a combination thereof and a second length of fiber coupled to the first length of fiber and having a second RIP formed to preserve at least a portion of the one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam modified by the perturbation assembly within one or more first confinement regions. The optical beam delivery system may include an optical system coupled to the second length of fiber including one or more free-space optics configured to receive and transmit an optical beam comprising the modified one or more beam characteristics.

The invention provides a lighting device (1) comprising a luminescent element (5) comprising an elongated light transmissive body (100), the elongated light transmissive body (100) comprising a side face (140), wherein the elongated light transmissive body (100) comprises a luminescent material (120) configured to convert at least part of a light source light (11) selected from one or more of the UV, visible light, and IR received by the elongated light transmissive body (100) into luminescent material radiation (8). The invention further provides such luminescent element per se.

A method of processing by controlling one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam may include: launching the optical beam into a first length of fiber having a first refractive-index profile (RIP); coupling the optical beam from the first length of fiber into a second length of fiber having a second RIP and one or more confinement regions; modifying the one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam in the first length of fiber, in the second length of fiber, or in the first and second lengths of fiber; confining the modified one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam within the one or more confinement regions of the second length of fiber; and/or generating an output beam, having the modified one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam, from the second length of fiber. The first RIP may differ from the second RIP.

Disclosed are energy systems configured to direct energy according to a four-dimensional (4D) plenoptic function. In general, the energy systems include a plurality of energy devices, an energy relay system having one or more relay elements arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface, and an energy waveguide system such that energy can be relayed along energy propagation paths through the energy waveguide system to the singular seamless energy surface or from the singular seamless energy surface through the energy relay system to the plurality of energy devices.

The present disclosure relates to a holographic display device and an electronic device. The holographic display device may include a light source, a light transmission structure, a first photonic crystal group, and a spatial light modulator. The light transmission structure has a light incident surface and a light exiting surface. The first photonic crystal group is disposed between the light incident surface and the light source. The first photonic crystal group includes various photonic crystals for dividing light emitted by the light source into light beams of different colors. The light beams of different colors are transmitted into the light transmission structure through the light incident surface and emitted through the light exiting surface. The spatial light modulator corresponds to the light exiting surface for modulating light beams of different colors emitted from the light exiting surface to form a holographic image.

A plastic optical fiber including a first cladding; a first core forming a first sea portion inside the first cladding; and a first island portion formed inside the first core with at least an outer periphery having a lower refractive index than the first sea portion, wherein the first core includes a polymethyl methacrylate-based resin.