Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical structure, an optical coupling method, and a photonic integrated circuit chip. The optical structure includes: two optical coupling structures with different structures, that is, a first optical coupling structure and a second optical coupling structure. The first optical coupling structure includes a first optical transmission structure, and a first coupling port and a second coupling port both connected to the first optical transmission structure. The second optical coupling structure includes a second optical transmission structure, and a third coupling port and a photoelectric conversion structure both connected to the second optical transmission structure. When optical signals are provided in different methods or optical coupling is performed in different scenarios, optical signal coupling can be realized by using optical coupling structures of different structures in the abovementioned optical structure.

A method includes forming a first photonic die, which includes forming a first silicon waveguide, and forming a first nitride waveguide. The method further includes forming a first through-via extending into a first plurality of dielectric layers in the first photonic die, and bonding a second photonic die to the first photonic die. The second photonic die includes a second nitride waveguide. The first silicon waveguide is optically coupled to the second nitride waveguide through the first nitride waveguide. A second through-via extends into a second plurality of dielectric layers in the second photonic die.

A head-mounted computing device having a waveguide optical engine assembly is disclosed. The waveguide is enclosed in a housing to limit or minimize exposure of the waveguide to ambient light. Further, the waveguide optical engine assembly comprises a compact footprint by allowing the other components of the waveguide optical engine assembly, such as a microprojector, a prism assembly, and the like, to be placed behind a rear surface of the waveguide. In addition to the compact footprint of the waveguide optical assembly, the configuration of the waveguide optical assembly disclosed, allows for maximization of advantages provided by the waveguide as related to eye box and eye relief. Additionally, the power requirements of the waveguide are greatly reduced, which also results in a prolonged battery life powering the head-mounted computing device.

Provided is a display device including a light guide plate; a reflective prism configured to reflect an imaging beam toward the light guide plate, wherein the imaging beam reflected by the reflective prism travels within the light guide plate at an angle greater than a critical angle of the light guide plate; and a diffraction grating configured to diffract the imaging beam traveling within the light guide plate to an angle less than or equal to the critical angle of the light guide plate, wherein the reflective prism includes a first surface in contact with the light guide plate, and a second surface configured to reflect the imaging beam.

Provided is a display device including a light guide plate; a reflective prism configured to reflect an imaging beam toward the light guide plate, wherein the imaging beam reflected by the reflective prism travels within the light guide plate at an angle greater than a critical angle of the light guide plate; and a diffraction grating configured to diffract the imaging beam traveling within the light guide plate to an angle less than or equal to the critical angle of the light guide plate, wherein the reflective prism includes a first surface in contact with the light guide plate, and a second surface configured to reflect the imaging beam.

An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a fiber array and an optical assembly. The fiber array includes a common channel and a plurality of divided. channels arranged in parallel in a first direction and extending along a second direction, and the fiber array has a first surface from a top view perspective. The optical assembly is coupled to the first surface of the fiber array. The first surface and the common channel of the fiber array form an angle less than 90 degrees from the top view perspective.

An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a fiber array and an optical assembly. The fiber array includes a common channel and a plurality of divided. channels arranged in parallel in a first direction and extending along a second direction, and the fiber array has a first surface from a top view perspective. The optical assembly is coupled to the first surface of the fiber array. The first surface and the common channel of the fiber array form an angle less than 90 degrees from the top view perspective.

Integrated target waveguide devices and optical analytical systems comprising such devices are provided. The target devices include an optical coupler that is optically coupled to an integrated waveguide and that is configured to receive optical input from an optical source through free space, particularly through a low numerical aperture interface. The devices and systems are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The devices provide for the efficient and reliable coupling of optical excitation energy from an optical source to the optical reactions. Optical signals emitted from the reactions can thus be measured with high sensitivity and discrimination. The devices and systems are well suited for miniaturization and high throughput.

Integrated target waveguide devices and optical analytical systems comprising such devices are provided. The target devices include an optical coupler that is optically coupled to an integrated waveguide and that is configured to receive optical input from an optical source through free space, particularly through a low numerical aperture interface. The devices and systems are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The devices provide for the efficient and reliable coupling of optical excitation energy from an optical source to the optical reactions. Optical signals emitted from the reactions can thus be measured with high sensitivity and discrimination. The devices and systems are well suited for miniaturization and high throughput.

A holographic display is comprised of space-multiplexed elemental modulators, each of which consists of a surface acoustic wave transducer atop an anisotropic waveguide. Each “line” of the overall display consists of a single anisotropic waveguide across the display's length with multiple surface acoustic wave transducers spaced along the waveguide length, although for larger displays, the waveguide may be divided into segments, each provided with separate illumination. Light that is undiffracted by a specific transducer is available for diffraction by subsequent transducers. Per transducer, guided-mode light is mode-converted to leaky-mode light, which propagates into the substrate away from the viewer before encountering a volume reflection grating and being reflected and steered towards the viewer. The display is transparent and all reflection volume gratings operate in the Bragg regime, thereby creating no dispersion of ambient light.