An example includes: an electrode layer including address electrodes and a hinge base; a hinge layer over the electrode layer, the hinge layer including: a torsional hinge having a longitudinal axis between opposite ends; a first single spring tip and a second single spring tip spaced from the torsional hinge; and raised electrodes spaced from the torsional hinge, from the first single spring tip, and from the second single spring tip; and a mirror over the hinge layer, the mirror having a tilt axis on a diagonal between a first corner and a second corner, the tilt axis aligned with the longitudinal axis of the torsional hinge, the mirror having a first tilting corner and a second tilting corner opposing one another across the tilt axis, the first single spring tip under the first tilting corner and the second single spring tip under the second tilting corner.

An optical system is provided. The optical system includes a first optical module with a first light-entering hole, a second optical module with a second light-entering hole, and a third optical module with a third light-entering hole. The second light-entering hole is close to the first light-entering hole and the third light-entering hole. The focal length of the second optical module is different from the focal length of the first optical module and the focal length of the third optical module.

There is provided a head-up display device including: a display configured to emit a display light ray therefrom, a reflection member configured to pivot around a rotation axis and reflect the display light ray to project a display image; and a housing configured to accommodate the reflection member. The reflection member has a plurality of ribs protruding from a surface on an opposite side to a reflection surface which reflects the display light ray, and the plurality of ribs have a portion in which a height on an outer side in a rotational direction centered at the rotation axis is lower than that on an inner side in the rotational direction.

A system and method for reducing power consumption and increasing reliability in a solar tracking system is disclosed. The solar tracker comprises a panel, at least one actuator configured to control the orientation of the panel, and a tracking controller. The tracking controller is configured to determine a minimum operating current for the at least one actuator based on a range of motion of the panel, and energize the at least one actuator based on the minimum operating current. The tracking controller determines the minimum operating current based on the range of motion of the panel, specifically the minimum current need to drive the panel through a measured range of motion equal to or substantial similar to the full mechanical range of motion of the panel. Based on the minimum operating current, solar tracker may generate messages to repair or replace an actuator or gearbox, for example.

Disclosed is an adjustable mirror mount that is capable of adjusting a mirror in two axes with a high degree of precision and low cross-coupling. Long horizontal and vertical adjustment arms are used to allow the precision adjustment about both a horizontal axis and a vertical axis.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a micromachined mirror assembly. The micromachined mirror assembly includes a micro mirror configured to tilt around an axis and a first and a second torsion beam each having a first and a second end. The second end of the first torsion beam and the second end of the second torsion beam are mechanically coupled to the micro mirror along the axis. The micromachined mirror assembly also includes a first DC voltage applied to the first end of the first torsion beam and a second DC voltage, different from the first DC voltage, is applied to the first end of the second torsion beam.

A projection display device includes a display device, an optical system, and a shielding plate. The optical system includes a first mirror and a second mirror provided on the regular optical path, the second mirrors being to provide an optical path convergence point on the regular optical path, and the first mirrors being provided at a position corresponding to the optical path convergence point. The projection display device is configured such that a position of a mirror surface of the first mirror and the second mirror is adjustable in accordance with a position of an eye point of a user so as to project the light toward the projection position that corresponds to the position of the eye point. The shielding plate is provided such that the shieling plate does not interfere with the regular optical path and such that the shielding plate interferes with the different optical path.

A multi-axis gimbal actuator includes a first tilt frame tiltably coupled to a second tilt frame. The second frame is tiltably coupled to a reference frame. The first tilt frame is offset from the second tilt frame and approximately parallel to the second tilt frame while in a neutral position. An optical element is mounted on the first tilt frame.

An optical assembly includes a holder on which an optical element that reflects light traveling to one side in a first direction to one side in a second direction intersecting with the first direction is mounted, a support that supports the holder, a fixed body that supports the support, a first swing mechanism that swings the support about a first swing axis with respect to the fixed body, a first magnet on any one of the holder, the support, and the fixed body, and a first magnetic body on another one of the holder, the support, and the fixed body. At least portions of the first magnet and the first magnetic body overlap each other when viewed from any one of the first direction, the second direction, and a third direction intersecting with each of the first direction and the second direction.

An optical element driving mechanism is provided, including a fixed portion, a movable portion, and a driving assembly. The movable portion is movably connected to the fixed portion and includes a holder to hold an optical element having a main axis. The driving assembly is disposed on the movable portion or the fixed portion for driving the movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion.