A variable focal length optical assembly may include a deformable entry lens element, a deformable first reflective element and a deformable second reflective element. Using a controller coupled to the deformable elements, an external force such as a mechanical, electrical, electromechanical, or electromagnetic force is applied to the deformable elements to provide any number of different focal lengths. Since the deformation of the deformable elements, and consequently the changes in focal length, occur much faster than the playback frame rate, a number of sub-frames, each containing an image obtained at a different focal length, are associated with each playback frame. The availability of multiple images in the form of sub-frames permits the selection of an optimal image for inclusion in the final playback frame sequence. The availability of multiple images in the form of sub-frames at different focal lengths also permits the seamless incorporation of zoom-in and zoom-out effects.

An optical system includes a first unit fixed during focusing, a second unit configured to move during focusing, and a third unit fixed during focusing on an image side of the second unit. The first unit includes a first optical element having a first reflective surface that has a concave shape toward an object side, and a second optical element having a second reflective surface that has a convex shape toward an image side. Light incident on the optical system from an object is reflected by the first reflective surface, thereafter is reflected by the second reflective surface, and thereafter passes through the second unit. A predetermined inequality is satisfied.

Methods and devices for inter-spacecraft optical communication are described. The device includes a transmitter for generating a first multi-wavelength signal composed of a first set of wavelengths; a receiver for detecting a second multi-wavelength signal composed of a second set of wavelengths mutually exclusive from the first set of wavelengths; at least one first optical component configured for propagating the first multi-wavelength signal into free space and for capturing the second multi-wavelength signal from free space, the first and second multi-wavelength signals propagating collinearly in free space in opposite directions; and at least one second optical component coupled between the transmitter, the receiver, and the at least one first optical component, and configured for discriminating between the first multi-wavelength signal and the second multi-wavelength signal and redirecting the first multi-wavelength signal to the at least one first optical component and the second multi-wavelength signal to the receiver.

An optical lens (10), a camera module (100), and an electronic device (1000), where light that enters the optical lens (10) is axially folded by using a reflex optical element in the optical lens (10), so that the optical lens (10) can have a relatively long focal length to achieve a long-range photographing effect, and the optical lens (10) has a relatively short total track length. Therefore, when the optical lens (10) is used in the electronic device (1000), thinning of the electronic device (1000) is not affected. In addition, no prism is required to implement optical path folding in the optical lens (10).

An analysis and observation device includes: an electromagnetic wave emitter that emits a primary electromagnetic wave; a reflective object lens having a primary mirror provided with a primary reflection surface reflecting a secondary electromagnetic wave and a secondary mirror provided with a secondary reflection surface receiving and further reflecting the secondary electromagnetic wave; first and second detectors that receive the secondary electromagnetic wave and generate an intensity distribution spectrum; and a controller that performs component analysis of a sample based on the intensity distribution spectrum. A transmissive region through which the primary electromagnetic wave is transmitted is provided at a center of the secondary mirror. The transmissive region transmits the primary electromagnetic wave, which has been emitted from the electromagnetic wave emitter and passed through an opening of the primary mirror, thereby emitting the primary electromagnetic wave along an analysis optical axis of the reflective object lens.

Provided is an imaging lens system including a first lens having a positive refractive power, an image-side surface of the first lens is concave, a first reflecting member disposed adjacent to the first lens, an object-side surface of the first reflecting member is concave, a second lens having a negative refractive power, an image-side surface of the second lens is concave, a third lens disposed adjacent to the image-side surface of the second lens, a second reflecting member disposed adjacent to the second lens or the third lens, an image-side surface of the second reflecting member having a convex shape, and an image sensor, wherein the first lens, the second lens and the third lens are sequentially disposed from a side of an object toward the image sensor, and wherein the object-side surface of the first reflecting member and the image-side surface of the second reflecting member include reflective surfaces.

A method for acquiring an image of a celestial body, including: using an apparatus including a hollow body into which light rays originating from the observed celestial body penetrate, arranging, in the hollow body, an optical system having an optical axis, the optical system configured so that the light rays form, in an image focal region, an image of the observed celestial body, arranging in the hollow body at least first and second matrix arrays of optical sensors configured to acquire the image of the celestial body formed in the image focal region, where the matrix arrays are of different designs suitable for observing celestial bodies of different natures, selecting one of the matrix arrays and placing it in the image focal region, the other matrix array remaining outside of the image focal region, the matrix array being selected depending on the nature of the observed celestial body.

An objective optical system (43) includes: a reflection surface (RS1) which reflects light traveling toward a sample (SP); a reflection surface (RS2) which reflects light reflected by the reflection surface (RS1) toward the sample (SP); and a transmission portion (TS) which is disposed on an optical path of light reflected by the reflection surface (RS2), which has a liquid contact surface coming into contact with liquid (WT) interposed between the liquid contact surface and the sample (SP), and of which the liquid contact surface is formed to be substantially orthogonal to the optical path of light reflected by the reflection surface (RS2).

A variety of femtoprojector optical systems are described. Each of them can be made small enough to fit in a contact lens using plastic injection molding, diamond turning, photolithography and etching, or other techniques. Most, but not all, of the systems include a solid cylindrical transparent substrate with a curved primary mirror formed on one end and a secondary mirror formed on the other end. Any of the designs may use light blocking, light-redirecting, absorbing coatings or other types of baffle structures as needed to reduce stray light.

A lens apparatus includes two optical systems. Each of the two optical systems includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having positive refractive power, a second lens unit having negative refractive power, a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface, and a rear lens unit having positive refractive power. At least a distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit and a distance between the second lens unit and the first reflective surface are changed during magnification variation. A predetermined condition is satisfied.