A variable magnification optical system includes, in order from the object side along the optical path, a first group that has a positive power, a second group that has a positive power, a third group that has a negative power, a stop, a fourth group that has a positive power, and a fifth group that has a positive power. The first group includes two mirrors. An intermediate image is formed in the optical path between the first group and the second group. The second group, the third group, and the fourth group are refractive optical systems. During changing magnification, the two mirrors of the first group, the second group, the stop, and the fifth group are immovable, the third group moves to the image side, and the fourth group moves to the object side.

Provided is a camera lens of a catadioptric optical system consisting of two lens assemblies and one lens and having a small height, a narrow angle, and good optical properties. The camera lens includes: a first lens assembly including an object side surface having a first refractive surface and a second reflective surface in a peripheral region and a central region thereof, and an image side surface having a second refractive surface, a fifth refractive surface and a sixth refractive surface that are sequentially arranged from a peripheral region to a central region thereof; a second lens assembly including an object side surface having a third refractive surface and a fourth refractive surface that are sequentially arranged from a peripheral region to a central region, and an image side surface having a first reflective surface; and a third lens having a refractive power.

A weak target detection-oriented multi-modal infrared imaging system includes an infrared optical window, a large-field of view (FOV) two-dimensional scanning mirror, a Cassegrain reflector group, a broadband spectrum relay mirror, a first lens group, a space-adjustable and transmittance-variable lens, a second lens group, a focal plane array (FPA) module, a data processing module and a space addressable transmittance modulation module. The data processing module generates a transmittance modulation control signal and an imaging integration time modulation signal according to an image data signal output by the FPA module, and the space-adjustable and transmittance-variable lens dynamically adjust an optical field transmittance under the effect of the transmittance modulation control signal. The FPA module adaptively adjusts an imaging integration time under the effect of the imaging integration time modulation signal.

At least one lens element (104, 106) defines a cylindrical void (116) that encloses a conical element (108) having a conical mirror surface (110) defined about a common vertical axis (112) upward from a tip (118) on a generally 45 degree angle to the vertical axis. The lens element(s) have cross sectional shapes (104, 106) defined relative to a plane passing through the lens element and including the vertical axis, the cross sectional shape constant in rotation about the vertical axis and imparting a generally toroid shape to the lens element(s) for capturing image information from a surrounding scene and translating the captured light into a horizontal projection is oriented toward the conical mirror surface, which reflects the projection 90 degrees vertically downward toward an image plane (204) of a light sensitive sensor (212) for generating a photographic representation of the surrounding scene.

A lens apparatus attachable to and detachable from a camera body includes a reflective optical system, a memory configured to store aperture information based on an optical condition of the lens apparatus, and a transmitter configured to transmit the aperture information acquired from the memory to the camera body.

A freeform imaging system with a spectrometer and telescope components optically connected and optimized to increase the spectral and spatial resolution capabilities. Many embodiments of the system are capable of producing a spectral resolution of approximately 1 nm and a spatial resolution less than 30 m such that the imaging system can be used to accurately capture and measure point source plumes of various atmospheric gases including CH.sub.4, CO.sub.2, CO, N.sub.2O, and H.sub.2O.

A real-time monitoring microscopic imaging system for nitride MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) epitaxial growth mode includes an observation window, an imaging lens set, a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, an image capture card and an image storage and display device, wherein: the observation window is provided at a top portion of a graphite carrier in an MOCVD reaction chamber and is formed by a thicker quartz glass to prevent temperature in the reaction chamber from damaging the lenses. The microscopic imaging system provided by the present invention has the resolution better than 1 μm, is able to distinguish the 2D growth mode and the 3D growth mode, observe whether the surface of the epitaxial wafer has screw dislocations in the MOCVD process, so as to observe the growth mode of the MOCVD epitaxial wafer in real time during the growth process.

An imaging apparatus having high resolution and high optical performance and reduced in size is provided. A camera module 1, which is an imaging apparatus incorporated in an optical apparatus, such as a camera 60, includes a plurality of optical systems UL, which each include a primary reflection mirror 12, which is a first reflector, and a secondary reflection mirror 13, which is a second reflector, sequentially arranged from the object side along the optical path and form images of an object, image sensors 14, which capture the images formed by part of the plurality of optical systems UL, and a light source 70, which projects light toward the object via the optical system different from the part of the plurality of optical systems UL.

A camera module having a high resolution, high optical performance, and a reduced size, an optical apparatus including the camera module, and a method for manufacturing a camera module 1 are provided. The camera module 1 mounted on an optical apparatus such as a camera 60 includes an unit optical system UL including a primary reflection mirror 12 as a first reflection member and a secondary reflection mirror 13 as a second reflection member sequentially from an object side along an optical axis and configured to form an image of an object, an image sensor 14 configured to capture the image formed by the unit optical system UL, and a plurality of unit blocks 10 each including the unit optical system UL and the image sensor 14.

An optical assembly for an analyzer instrument for analysis of elemental composition of a sample using optical emission spectroscopy includes: an exciter generating an excitation focused at a target position to produce optical emission from the sample; and an optical arrangement including a light collection arrangement transferring the optical emission from the target position to a detector assembly's detector interface. The light collection arrangement includes: an off-axis parabolic light collecting mirror including an aperture, a lens arrangement including converging and diverging axicon lens portions, the lens arrangement positioned so its optical axis is parallel to that of the light collecting mirror and intersects a surface of the light collecting mirror at the aperture, and an off-axis parabolic focusing mirror having its focal point at the detector interface, the optical axis of the lens arrangement being parallel to that of the focusing mirror and intersects the focusing mirror's surface.