A method of forming a tapered tip of a polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber includes inserting a tip of the PM fiber into a first etchant solution characterized by a first etching rate for the core of the PM fiber and a second etching rate for the stress members of the PM fiber, the second etching rate being lower than the first etching rate, withdrawing the tip of the PM fiber from the first etchant solution at a withdrawal rate, immersing the tip of the PM fiber in a second etchant solution for a time duration. The second etchant solution is characterized by a third etching rate for the core and a fourth etching rate for the stress members, the fourth etching rate being greater than the third etching rate. The method further includes withdrawing the tip of the PM fiber from the second etchant solution.

The present invention relates to a scanner provided with a vibratory beam on or in which is formed a phased array intended to extract according to either one of two parallel faces of the beam a light radiation that could be emitted by a light source.

The present invention relates to a scanner provided with a plurality of elementary scanners each able to scan a different surface by means of a light beam.

In this regard, each elementary scanner comprises a beam, for example a vibrating beam, on or in which a phase-controlled array is formed, intended to extract, at a face of the beam, a light beam able to be emitted by a light source. According to the present invention, at least one beam of one of the elementary scanners, referred to as the first scanner, has, at rest, a deflection different from that of the beams of the other elementary scanners. This arrangement enables the first scanner to scan a surface, referred to the first surface, different from that scanned by the other elementary scanners.

In other words, the optical scanner according to the present invention makes it possible to cover a relatively large surface while keeping appreciable compactness.

A scanner provided with a plurality of elementary scanners, especially two elementary scanners, referred to as a first and second scanner respectively. In particular, the first scanner and the second scanner are arranged to scan, each with an optical beam, respectively, a first surface and a second surface included in the first surface and of a smaller extent than the latter.

Provided is an optical scanning device capable of preventing abnormal vibration occurring in a micro mirror. The optical scanning device includes a micro mirror that reflects light beams, torsion bars that rotate the micro mirror around a Y-axis, a movable frame that is disposed around the micro mirror, and meander-type piezoelectric actuators that rotate the micro mirror around an X-axis. The movable frame has a rectangular shape, and has a rib provided on the rear surface of the movable frame. Corner regions of four corners of the movable frame have a removal region where no rib is partially provided or a rib with a thickness thinner than other regions is provided.

An optical fiber scanning device includes a housing, an optical fiber configured to emit light, a magnet disposed on the optical fiber, four drive coils configured to drive the optical fiber by applying to the magnet a magnetic field generated by a received drive power signal, and four detection coils configured to output an induced electromotive force signal corresponding to variation of a magnetic field, wherein the drive power signal is controlled based on the induced electromotive force signal, and four coil assemblies each including any one of the drive coils and any one of the detection coils are disposed at rotationally symmetrical positions so as to interpose the optical fiber among the four coil assemblies.

Methods of manufacturing a liquid crystal device including depositing a layer of liquid crystal material on a substrate and imprinting a pattern on the layer of liquid crystal material using an imprint template are disclosed. The liquid crystal material can be jet deposited. The imprint template can include surface relief features, Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Effect (PBPE) structures or diffractive structures. The liquid crystal device manufactured by the methods described herein can be used to manipulate light, such as for beam steering, wavefront shaping, separating wavelengths and/or polarizations, and combining different wavelengths and/or polarizations.

Architectures are provided for selectively incoupling one or more streams of light from a multiplexed light stream into a waveguide. The multiplexed light stream can have light with different characteristics (e.g., different wavelengths and/or different polarizations). The waveguide can comprise in-coupling elements that can selectively couple one or more streams of light from the multiplexed light stream into the waveguide while transmitting one or more other streams of light from the multiplexed light stream.

An apparatus and method herein efficiently couple spatial light to optical fiber light for achieving stability of an optical axis without a position sensor. The basic concept of the method includes: first, obtaining, according to a theoretical coupling efficiency model, a model parameter by means of fitting calculation; second, using a four-point tracking algorithm to calculate an optical fiber nutation trajectory according to the optical fiber nutation principle; and finally, using the nutation trajectory to calculate the position deviation of a central point. The optical axis is ensured to be stable by correcting the position deviation, and the high coupling efficiency remains. The method is used for the stability of the optical axis in a space coherent laser communication DPSK link. The high efficiency coupling is a key technology of long-distance, high bit rate transmission in space laser communication, and is significant in the development of inter-satellite optical communications.

A beamsplitter can include a first surface with a diffractive optical element, a second surface normal to the first surface, and a beam splitting surface arranged at an angle to the second surface that is less than 45 degrees. The beamsplitter may be configured to illuminate the entire second surface in response to an input beam at the first surface.