A measuring device for measuring the absorbance of a substance in at least one solution provided in at least two flow cells of the measuring device, wherein said measuring device comprises: —a light source transmitting a first light ray; —said at least two flow cells; —an optical arrangement comprising at least two semi-transparent mirrors with different transmission properties, said optical arrangement being arranged for dividing the first light ray coming from the light source into separate light parts, one for passing each flow cell and one for entering directly after the optical arrangement a reference detector; and —one detector provided after each flow cell for detecting light having passed through the flow cells.

An optical device for providing illumination light includes an optical waveguide and a plurality of polarization selective elements. The plurality of polarization selective elements is disposed adjacent to the optical waveguide so that a respective polarization selective element receives light in a first direction, and redirects a first portion of the light in a second direction. A second portion, distinct from the first portion, of the light undergoes total internal reflection, thereby continuing to propagate inside the optical waveguide.

An optical apparatus includes a folding mirror configured to direct first and second illumination lights on first and second alignment marks respectively and reflect first and second reflected lights reflected from the first and second alignment marks in different horizontal directions respectively, first and second lenses arranged respectively in optical paths of the first and second reflected lights reflected from the first and second reflective surfaces of the folding mirror, first and second reflection portions configured to reflect the first and second reflected lights passing through the first and second lenses respectively, and a beam splitter prism configured to divide an illumination light incident through a first surface into the first and second illumination lights and direct to the first and second reflection portions, and transmit the first and second reflected lights reflected by the first and second reflection portions through a second surface.

A lighting device that includes a light source, a first optical element configured to convert light emitted from the light source into substantially parallel light, and a plurality of second optical elements arranged in a first direction. Each of the plurality of second optical elements has a light incident surface. Each of the plurality of second optical elements guides at least a portion of the substantially parallel light incident on the light incident surface in a second direction intersecting the first direction and guides another portion in the first direction.

In various embodiments, optical networking devices and systems are provided. One such optical networking device includes a housing, a beam splitter assembly, and a polarizer assembly. The housing includes a first passage that extends between a first opening and a second opening which are aligned with one another along a first axis, and a second passage that extends between the first passage and a third opening. The third opening is aligned with and communicatively coupled to the first passage along a second axis that is transverse to the first axis. The beam splitter assembly is positioned in the first section of the housing, and includes a first shell, a beam splitter platform, and a beam splitter. The polarizer assembly is positioned in the second section of the housing, and includes a second shell, a polarizer platform, and a polarizer.

A laser collimation- measuring system, including: a first laser source; a second laser source; a light combining device; a collimator; and a light divergence device. The first laser source and the second laser source emit a first laser and a second laser, respectively, to the light combining device. The first laser and the second laser are transmitted through the light combining device as a third laser and a fourth laser, respectively, and the third laser partially overlaps the fourth laser. The collimator is disposed in a light path of the third and fourth lasers and positioned between the light combining device and the laser divergence device. The laser collimation-measuring system enhances intensity of the laser collimation-measuring system.

There is disclosed an optical device, including a light-transmitting substrate having an input aperture, an output aperture, at least two major surfaces and edges, an optical element for coupling light waves into the substrate by total internal reflection, at least one partially reflecting surface located between the two major surfaces of the light-transmitting substrate for partially reflecting light waves out of the substrate, a first transparent plate, having at least two major surfaces, one of the major surfaces of the transparent plate being optically attached to a major surface of the light-transmitting substrate defining an interface plane, and a beam-splitting coating applied at the interface plane between the substrate and the transparent plate, wherein light waves coupled inside the light-transmitting substrate are partially reflected from the interface plane and partially pass the through.

A beam combining module combines a first beam corresponding to a first wavelength and a second beam corresponding to a second wavelength. The beam combining module includes a collimating lens, a first mirror, and second mirror. The collimating lens is configured to receive the first beam and the second beam that are parallel to each other and to emit the first beam and the second beam in respective non-parallel directions. The first mirror is configured to reflect the first beam emitted by the collimating lens. The second mirror is configured to reflect the second beam emitted by the collimating lens in a direction parallel to the first beam reflected by the first mirror and in such a manner that the second beam emitted by the collimating lens spatially overlaps the first beam reflected by the first mirror.

Beamformers are formed (e.g., carved) from a stack of transparent sheets. A rear face of each sheet has a reflective coating. The reflectivities of the coatings vary monotonically with sheet position within the stack. The sheets are tilted relative to the intended direction of an input beam and then bonded to form the stack. The carving can include dicing the stack to yield stacklets, and polishing the stacklets to form beamformers. Each beamformer is thus a stack of beamsplitters, including a front beamsplitter in the form of a triangular or trapezoidal prism, and one or more beamsplitters in the form of rhomboid prisms. In use, a beamformer forms an output beam from an input beam. More specifically, the beamformer splits an input beam into plural output beam components that collectively constitute an output beam that differs in cross section from the input beam.

The present invention provides a display substrate and a display device. The display substrate comprises a backplate and a plurality of pixel units; each pixel unit of the pixel units comprises a white light LED; a collimating lens configured to collimate a white light beam; a prism layer configured to reflect the white light beam to generate monochromatic lights of different colors in a first direction and a second direction; transmittance controllers configured to modulate the transmittance of monochromatic lights of different colors; and scattering layers configured to scatter monochromatic lights of different colors. In the present application, achieving the double-sided display of a Micro-LED display device, increasing the functionality and interestingness of the display device, and reducing the workload for mass transfer of the Micro-LED display device and the complexity of circuit arrangements of the display device.