An optical system and a method for non-mechanically (i.e., without physical movement) scanning a laser using a lens, a steering optical element, and transmission and receive paths having a non-zero spatial offset. Also, an optical system and a method for non-linearly and non-mechanically scanning a laser using a lens and a steering optical element, such that detection points resulting from the scanned laser are non-linearly mapped into space.

A projection screen control method of one embodiment of the present disclosure includes irradiating a display member with first control light, and irradiating the display member with second control light, in which the irradiating the display member with the first control light and the irradiating the display member with the second control light are performed in sequence. The display member has a visible light transmittance or a visible light reflectance that varies depending on light, and contains a photochromic material, and the first control light and the second control light have different light intensities.

A projector includes a lamp unit, a color separation system that separates first light outputted from the lamp unit into a plurality of color beams, a plurality of liquid crystal panels that modulate the plurality of separated color beams from the color separation system, reduction optical systems that reduce at least one of pencils of light formed of the plurality of color beams modulated by the plurality of liquid crystal panels, a light combining prism that combines the plurality of reduced color beams with one another, and a projection lens that projects second light that is the combined light from the light combining prism. The reduction optical systems are disposed between the liquid crystal panels and the light combining prism, and the area of an effective display region of each of the liquid crystal panels is greater than an effective area of each light incident surface of the light combining prism.

A laser projector includes a laser light source, a first dichroic mirror, a second dichroic mirror, three light valves and a beam combining module. The laser light source is used to generate a composite polarized beam. The first dichroic mirror is used to receive the composite polarized beam, and separate the composite polarized beam into a first color beam and a relay beam. The second dichroic mirror is used to receive the relay beam, and separate the relay beam into a second color beam and a third color beam. The three light valves are used to modulate the three color beams into three light beams. The beam combining module is used to combine the three light beams to form a multi-color image.

A method of microscopy comprises collecting an emission light; symmetrically dispersing the collected emission light into a first order (“1.sup.st”) light and a negative first order (“−1.sup.st”) light using a grating; wherein the 1.sup.st light comprises spectral information and the −1.sup.st light comprises spectral information; capturing the 1.sup.st light and the −1.sup.st light using a camera, localizing the one or more light-emitting materials using localization information determined from both the first spectral image and the second spectral image; and determining spectral information from the one or more light-emitting materials using the first spectral image and/or the second spectral image; wherein the steps of localizing and obtaining are performed simultaneously. A spectrometer for a microscope comprises a dual-wedge prism (“DWP”) for receiving and spectrally dispersing a light beam, wherein the DWP comprises a first dispersive optical device and a second dispersive optical device adhered to each other.

An image light generation module includes a first display element configured to emit first image light, a second display element configured to emit second image light, a third display element configured to emit third image light, a combining prism configured to emit combined image light combined from the first image light, the second image light, and the third image light, and a first gap defining member that defines a first gap between the first display element and the combining prism, a second gap defining member that defines a second gap between the second display element and the combining prism, and a third gap defining member that defines a third gap between the third display element and the combining prism, in which at least one of the first gap, the second gap, and the third gap is different in size from another of the gaps.

A light source apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a first light source section, a second light source section, a first polarization separator, a second polarization separator that reflects part of second light and transmits the other part of the second light, a first phase retarder which is disposed between the first polarization separator and the second polarization separator and on which the part of the second light reflected off the second polarization separator is incident, a wavelength conversion layer that converts the first light and the part of the second light into third light having a second wavelength band and outputs the third light toward the first polarization separator, and a first light focusing optical system disposed between the wavelength conversion layer and the first polarization separator. The wavelength conversion layer has a first surface via which the third light exits and a second surface that intersects with the first surface. The first light is focused by the first light focusing optical system and enters the wavelength conversion layer at least via the second surface thereof, and the second light enters the wavelength conversion layer via the first surface thereof.

A light source device according to the present disclosure includes a light emitting element having a light emitting surface configured to emit first light having a first wavelength band, a wavelength conversion member which includes a phosphor, and which is configured to convert the first light emitted from the light emitting element into second light having a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band, and a reflecting member having a reflecting surface configured to reflect the second light generated by the wavelength conversion member. The wavelength conversion member has a first face which crosses a longitudinal direction of the wavelength conversion member, and which emits the second light, a second face which crosses the longitudinal direction of the wavelength conversion member, and which is located at an opposite side to the first face, and a third face crossing the first face and the second face. The light emitting surface is disposed so as to be opposed to at least a part of the third face. The reflecting surface is disposed so as to be opposed to the second face. At least one of the second face and the reflecting surface is a rough surface.

A head up display (HUD) system includes: a laser; a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) panel configured to modulate light output by the laser; a modulator control module configured to, during each predetermined period: apply power to the LCoS panel for a first predetermined ON period; and disconnect the LCoS panel from power for a remainder of the predetermined period; and a laser control module configured to, during each predetermined period: when a temperature of the LCoS panel is less than a predetermined temperature: apply power to the laser for a second predetermined ON period while power is applied to the LCoS panel and after the modulator control module begins applying power to the LCoS panel, where the second predetermined ON period is less than the first predetermined ON period; and disconnect the laser from power for the remainder of the predetermined period.

An optical element includes a first light-transmissive member made of a first resin and having a first surface having an aspheric shape and a first joint surface provided on the side opposite from the first surface, a second light-transmissive member made of a material different from the material of the first light-transmissive member and having a second joint surface, and a first joining member and a second joining member that join the first joint surface and the second joint surface to each other. The first joining member is made of a silicone adhesive and disposed in the smaller one of effective diameter regions of the first light-transmissive member and the second light-transmissive member. The second joining member is made of an adhesive having adhesiveness higher than the adhesiveness of the silicone adhesive and is disposed outside the first joining member and outside the smaller effective diameter region.