An optical lens arrangement comprises a first Fresnel lens element and a second lens element. The first Fresnel lens element defines a flat surface side and an opposite faceted surface side defining wedge and draft faces. The flat surface side faces towards the eye of a user and the opposite faceted surface side faces away from the eye of the user. The second lens element interfaces with the faceted surface side of first Fresnel lens. The second lens element is selected from the group consisting of: a second Fresnel lens element, a singlet lens element, a doublet lens element and any combination thereof. The first Fresnel lens is proximal relative to the eye of the user and the second lens element is distal relative to the eye of the user. Head mounted devices (HMD) including these optical lens arrangements are provided. Methods of making such optical lens arrangements and HMDs are also provided.

Provided is a display method for displaying an image based on a color original image. The display method includes guiding an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position by an optical system, and deflecting a traveling direction of the image light to an observer and performing display by a diffraction optical element. At the time of displaying the color original image, the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle.

Scanning fluorescence microscopes with an observation beam path from a measurement volume to an image plane. A beam combiner is provided for coupling an illumination system and a diaphragm arranged in the image plane for slow composition of the image because of the sequential scanning and subject the sample to loading as a result of inefficient use of the excitation light. The microscope simultaneously detects fluorescence from different focal planes in each case quasi-confocally. The observation beam path between the beam combiner and the image plane has a first diffractive optics for splitting light beams into beam bundles along different orders of diffraction, imparting to the light beams a spherical phase that is different from the other orders of diffraction. A second diffractive optics is provided for the compensation of chromatic aberrations of the split beam bundles, and a collecting optics is provided for focusing split beam bundles into the image plane.

A diffractive optical element comprises a substrate, a first resin layer arranged on the substrate and a second resin layer arranged on the first resin layer. Each of the first resin layer and the second resin layer includes a grating section, or a layer portion, for forming a diffraction grating and a base section, or another layer portion, held in contact with the grating section. Either the first resin layer or the second resin layer has a lower transmittance portion in the base section thereof that shows an internal transmittance relative to a wavelength of 400 nm which is lower than that of the grating section of the resin layer by not less than 2% and not more than 6%.

A camera lens including a first lens, a prism, and a plurality of lenses. The first lens has positive focal power, and an object-side surface of the first lens is a convex surface. An object-side surface of the prism is in contact with an image-side surface of the first lens. The prism refracts, from a first optical axis to a second optical axis intersecting the first optical axis, light received from the first lens. The plurality of lenses include at least three lenses, and the plurality of lenses are sequentially disposed along the second optical axis.

Provided are meta-surface optical device and methods of manufacturing the same. The meta-surface optical device may include a meta-surface arranged on a region of a substrate and a light control member arranged around the meta-surface. The light control member may be arranged on or below the substrate. A material layer formed of the same material used to form the meta-surface may be disposed between the light control member and the substrate. Also, the meta-surface may be a first meta-surface arranged on an upper surface of the substrate, and a second meta-surface may be arranged on a bottom surface of the substrate. Also, the meta-surface may include a first meta-surface and at least one second meta-surface may formed on the first meta-surface, and the light control member may be arranged around the at least one second meta-surface.

To overcome the problem of a diffractive surface having a large, and often excessively large, amount of chromatic aberration, an optical system can use multiple cascaded or sequential diffractive surfaces that, combined, have a reduced amount of chromatic aberration. The optical system can be designed such that all rays traversing the optical system and passing through the diffractive surfaces have an equal optical path length. In the design process, the sets of rays are identified, and the designs of the diffractive surfaces are selected to produce the angular deviations to produce the identified ray paths. In one example, an achromatic lens formed as two annular optical surfaces can receive a collimated incident beam, redirect rays helically at the first surface toward the second surface, and redirect the rays at the second surface toward a focal point. The azimuthal redirection can decrease with increasing distance away from a central axis.

An optical lens arrangement comprises a first Fresnel lens element and a second lens element, The first Fresnel lens element defines a flat surface side and an opposite faceted surface side defining wedge and draft faces. The flat surface side faces towards the eye of a user and the opposite faceted surface side faces away from the eye of the user. The second lens element interfaces with the faceted surface side of first Fresnel lens. The second lens element is selected from the group consisting of: a second Fresnel lens element, a singlet lens element, a doublet lens element and any combination thereof. The first Fresnel lens is proximal relative to the eye of the user and the second lens element is distal relative to the eye of the user. Head mounted devices (HMD) including these optical lens arrangements are provided. Methods of making such optical lens arrangements and HMDs are also provided.

Provided is a multi-image display apparatus including a light source configured to emit a first wavelength light, a second wavelength light, and a third wavelength light, a spatial light modulator configured to modulate the first wavelength light, the second wavelength light, and the third wavelength light to form a first image including a first color holographic image, a second color holographic image, and a third color holographic image, a polarization selective lens configured to focus the first image having only a first polarization component and transmit a second image having only a second polarization component without refraction, the second image being provided to the polarization selective lens along a different path from the first image, wherein chromatic aberration of the polarization selective lens is offset by adjusting a depth of the first color holographic image, the second color holographic image, and the third color holographic image.

Provided is an optical system including, in order from an object side to an image side, a front lens unit, an aperture stop, and a rear lens unit. The front lens unit consists of a positive lens and a diffractive optical element, which are arranged in order from the object side to the image side. The diffractive optical element consists of a plurality of lenses that are cemented to each other, and at least one of cemented surfaces of the plurality of lenses is a diffractive surface. An interval on an optical axis between the positive lens and the diffractive optical element is the largest among intervals on the optical axis between two lenses that are adjacent in the optical system.