Various embodiments provide for the implementation of volumetric diffractive optics equivalent functionality via cascaded planar elements. To illustrate the principle, a design 3D diffractive optics and implement a two-layer continuous phase-only design on a single spatial light modulator (SLM) with a folded system. The system provides dynamic and efficient multiplexing capability. Numerical and experimental results show this approach improves system performance such as diffraction efficiency, spatial/spectral selectivity, and number of multiplexing functions relative to 2D devices while providing dynamic large space-bandwidth relative to current static volume diffractive optics. The limitations and capabilities of dynamic 3D diffractive optics are discussed.

A lens for headlamps of vehicles provided with a diffraction grating on a surface, wherein a phase function of the diffraction grating is represented by

[00001]$\left(r\right)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{.Math.}}.Math..Math.{}_{2.Math.i}.Math.r^{2.Math.i}$

where r represents distance from the central axis of the lens, and the relationship

|.sub.2|.Math.(0.3R).sup.2<|.sub.4|.Math.(0.3R).sup.4

is satisfied where R represents effective radius of the lens, and wherein a second derivative of the phase function has at least one extreme value and at least one point of inflection where r is greater than 30% of R, a difference in spherical aberration between the maximum value and the minimum value at any value of r in

0rR

is equal to or less than the longitudinal chromatic aberration for visible light, the diffraction grating is at least partially on the surface where r is greater than 30%, and the relationship

[00002]$1<.Math.\frac{\left(R\right)}{R^2}.Math.<10$

is satisfied.

A display screen, a terminal device, and an imaging control method are provided for an under-screen camera. The display screen includes a transparent substrate and a diffraction compensation pattern. The upper surface of the transparent substrate comprises a luminescent material. The diffraction compensation pattern is disposed below the transparent substrate and configured to compensate a diffraction image resulted from incident light passing through the luminescent material.

A video display device includes an eyepiece; and a display panel that includes a display plane that has a diagonal length that is not greater than 40 mm, wherein the eyepiece includes a first lens group and a second lens group; the first lens group includes a first element that has a first optical surface on the side of the display panel and a second optical surface on the opposite side, wherein the first optical surface has a negative refractive power, and an outer region of the second optical surface has a negative curvature and is convex; the second lens group includes, a second element that has a Fresnel surface facing the side opposite to the display panel and having a positive refractive power, and a third element that has a Fresnel surface facing the side of the display panel and having a positive refractive power.

A focusing device includes a substrate and a plurality of scatterers provided at both sides of the substrate. The scatterers on the both sides of the focusing device may correct geometric aberration, and thus, a field of view (FOV) of the focusing device may be widened.

An optical device for aberration correction (e.g., chromatic aberration correction) is disclosed. The optical device includes an optical component (e.g., a spherical lens) and a metasurface optically coupled to the optical component. The metasurface includes a plurality of nanostructures that define a phase profile. The phase profile corrects an aberration (e.g., chromatic aberration) caused by the optical component. The resulting optical device becomes diffraction-limited (e.g., for the visible spectrum) with the metasurface.

A multi-display system (e.g., a display including multiple display panels) includes at least first and second displays (e.g., display panels or display layers) arranged substantially parallel to each other in order to display three-dimensional (3D) features to a viewer(s). At least sub-pixel compression is utilized in order to reduce moir interference.

Provided is an optical system including a front unit, an aperture stop and a rear unit which are arranged in order from an object side to an image side. The front unit includes a diffractive optical element, at least one first refractive optical element having a power in the same sign as a sign of a power at a diffractive surface of the diffractive optical element, and at least one second refractive optical element having a power in a different sign from the sign of the power at the diffractive surface. A partial dispersion ratio between a d-line and a C-line and a partial dispersion ratio between a g-line and the d-line of the at least one first refractive optical element and the at least one second refractive optical element are appropriately set.

Optical stacks including a grating structure that generates diffraction in two in-plane dimensions. The optical stacks may include two gratings, which may be one-directional or two-directional. The optical stacks are suitable for reducing sparkle in displays.

A correction optical element (COE) for a multi-channeled coherent beam combining (CBC) system that uses a fiber array comprising multiple optical fibers and a single collimation array comprising multiple collimating lenses, for coherent combining of a corresponding array of optical beams directed through the fiber array. The COE is configured for customized and segmented correction of collimation-based optical aberrations, caused at least due to misalignments between each corresponding optical fiber's Lij output end and a center of a corresponding collimating lens Lij.