An optical source for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photolithography tool includes a light-generation system including a light-generation module; an optical amplifier including a gain medium associated with a gain band, the gain medium configured to amplify light having a wavelength in the gain band; and a wavelength-based optical filter system on a beam path between the light-generation module and the optical amplifier, the wavelength-based optical filter system including at least one optical element configured to allow light having a wavelength in a first set of wavelengths to propagate on the beam path and to remove light having a wavelength in a second set of wavelengths from the beam path, the first set of wavelengths and the second set of wavelengths including different wavelengths in the gain band of the optical amplifier.

A system for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source includes a light-generation system configured to emit one or more light beams onto a beam path; one or more optical amplifiers, each of the one or more amplifiers including a gain medium on the beam path, each gain medium being configured to amplify the one or more light beams to produce one or more amplified light beams; and one or more diffractive optical elements on the beam path, where each of the one or more diffractive optical elements has a plurality of focal lengths, and each focal length of the diffractive optical element is associated with a particular polarization state.

A real-time variable parameter micro-nano optical field modulation system includes a light source, a 4F optical system and a set of light wave modulation optical components. The 4F optical system includes a first optical assembly and a second optical assembly arranged along an optical path in sequence. The light wave modulation optical components are arranged between the first optical assembly and the second optical assembly, and generate optical field distribution with adjustable patterns and structural parameters thereof on a back focal plane of the system by segmented modulation of sub-wavefronts.

A dental scanning system comprises an intraoral scanner and one or more processors. The intraoral scanner comprises one or more light projectors configured to project a pattern (comprising a plurality of pattern features) on a dental object, and two or more cameras configured to acquire sets of images, each comprising at least one image from each camera. The processor(s) are configured to determine a correspondence between pattern features in the pattern of light and image features in each set of images by determining intersections of projector rays corresponding to one or more of the plurality of pattern features and camera rays corresponding to the one or more image features in three-dimensional (3D) space based on calibration data that associates the camera rays corresponding to pixels on the camera sensor of each of the two or more cameras to the projector rays.

A waveguide has an output diffractive optical element to couple light out of the waveguide towards a viewer, and a returning diffractive optical element to receive light from the output diffractive optical element and return the received light toward the output diffractive optical element. The output diffractive optical element has overlaid first and second output diffractive optical elements. The first output diffractive optical element receives light from an input direction and couples it toward the second output diffractive optical element in a first direction that is oblique to the input direction. The second output diffractive optical element receives light from the input direction and couples it towards the first output diffractive optical element in a second direction that is oblique to the input direction. The returning diffractive optical element has first and second returning diffractive optical elements that return light opposite the first and second directions, respectively.

An intraoral scanning system comprises an elongate handheld wand with a probe at a distal end, a structured light projector configured to project a uniform structured light pattern onto an object, a plurality of cameras configured to capture points of the uniform structured light pattern projected onto the object by the structured light projector, and one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to determine a correspondence between projected points in the uniform structured light pattern generated by the structured light projector and captured points of the uniform structured light pattern captured by the plurality of cameras viewing the uniform structured light pattern projected onto the object, and to use triangulation and the determined correspondence to determine three-dimensional points in space associated with the captured points of the uniform structured light pattern captured by the plurality of cameras.

A diffractive optics element includes a substrate configured of a sapphire substrate and a diffractive optics structure, provided on the substrate, that forms an image when a laser beam is incident thereon. The diffractive optics structure has a diffractive optics portion, and the diffractive optics portion has a base material and a diffractive optics layer disposed on the base material. The thickness of the base material is no greater than 20 m.

An augmented reality device is provided and comprises a waveguide (306); an input diffractive optical element (301) positioned in or on the waveguide (306) configured to receive light from a projector and to couple the light into the waveguide (306) so that it is captured within the waveguide (306) by total internal reflection; an output diffractive optical element (304) positioned in or on the waveguide (306) configured to couple totally internally reflected light out of the waveguide (306) towards a viewer; and a returning diffractive optical element (307, 309, 312) positioned in or on the waveguide (306) configured to receive light from the output diffractive optical element (304) and to diffract the received light so that it is returned towards the output diffractive optical element (304).

An endoscope for determining the depth of a partial area of a cavity by a triangulation analysis may include a projection channel for projecting a pattern onto a surface of the cavity and an imaging channel provided for imaging an image of the projected pattern reflected by the surface of the cavity. The projection channel may have at least one diffractive optical element for producing the pattern, a collimator, and a focusing lens. The focusing lens may be arranged between the collimator and the diffractive optical element.

An intraoral scanning system comprises an elongate handheld wand with a probe at a distal end, a structured light projector configured to project a uniform structured light pattern onto an object, a plurality of cameras configured to capture points of the uniform structured light pattern projected onto the object by the structured light projector, and one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to determine a correspondence between projected points in the uniform structured light pattern generated by the structured light projector and captured points of the uniform structured light pattern captured by the plurality of cameras viewing the uniform structured light pattern projected onto the object, and to use triangulation and the determined correspondence to determine three-dimensional points in space associated with the captured points of the uniform structured light pattern captured by the plurality of cameras.