A contact lens for shaping a cornea of an eye of a patient to treat high cylinder astigmatism may include a peripheral portion, an alignment portion, a treatment portion, a reverse portion, and a staining feature. The peripheral portion may cause migration of epithelial cells from a periphery of a cornea of the eye of the patient towards a center of the cornea of the eye of the patient. The alignment portion may align the contact lens on the cornea. The treatment portion may cause migration of the epithelial cells from the center of the cornea towards the periphery of the cornea. The reverse portion may relieve pressure caused by the migration of the epithelial cells. The staining feature may contact the cornea, thereby reshaping the cornea to treat high cylinder astigmatism. The staining feature may apply a ribbon-shaped staining pattern to the cornea across the contact lens.

Generating an aspheric contact lens design for facilitating myopia control of a cornea of a patient includes operations of: obtain measurement for degree refractive error of the eye in diopters; obtain measurement of one or more biomechanical properties of the cornea; define a diameter of a central zone of the contact lens based on pupil size; select a base curve profile and width for the central zone based on the refractive error and the one or more biomechanical properties; define a width of a reverse zone adjacent to and encircling the central zone, the width being greater than 0.5 mm; select a reverse curve profile for the reverse zone compatible with the base curve profile; modify the base curve profile adjacent to the reverse zone by applying a selected base eccentricity curve profile for enhancing the tension force strength of the reverse zone; define a width of a relief zone of the contact lens adjacent to and encircling the reverse zone; select a relief curve profile for the relief zone; define a width of an alignment zone of the contact lens adjacent to and encircling the relief zone; select an alignment curve profile for the alignment zone; and define a width of a peripheral zone of the contact lens adjacent to and encircling the alignment zone; select a peripheral curve profile for the peripheral zone; wherein the compression force strength and the tension force strength of the contact lens cooperate to reshape corneal curvature in a mid-peripheral region to address the myopia control when the contact lens is applied to the eye.

In general, one aspect disclosed features a scleral contact lens for an eye of a patient, the scleral contact lens comprising: an anterior surface; and a posterior surface, the posterior surface comprising: a central optic zone defined by a base curve according to an apical radius of the cornea of the eye; a peripheral corneal zone peripheral to the central optic zone, a clearance control zone peripheral to the optic zone, and a scleral landing zone peripheral to the clearance control zone, the scleral landing zone having a single surface shape.

Ophthalmic lenses for correcting refractive error of an eye are disclosed. Ophthalmic lenses include an inner optic portion having a scaffold between an anterior portion and a posterior portion. The scaffold is characterized by a substantially uniform thickness formed from a material characterized by a modulus that his higher than the modulus of the peripheral portion. Openings within the scaffold are filled with a low modulus material. When applied to an eye, the lenses are configured to provide one or more lenticular volumes between the posterior surface of the lens and the cornea. The disclosure further relates to methods of correcting refractive errors of an eye such as astigmatism or spherical aberration using the ophthalmic lenses.

A method comprises: disposing a physical landmark upon an eye of a user; capturing at least one image of the eye of the user with an image sensor while the eye is illuminated, wherein the image includes an image of the physical landmark and at least one other point on the surface of the eye outside of the cornea; processing the at least one image to obtain at least one metric of the eye of the user; and determining, based on the at least one metric, at least one parameter of a daily use contact lens to be worn on the eye of the user.

Dynamic contact lenses fabricated with a dynamic portion that extends outward from the peripheral portion are disclosed. When worn on an eye the dynamic portion forms a tear lens for correcting vision. The dynamic portion can also be configured to provide a dynamic tear lens that changes optical power with forces applied by eyelids. The dynamic portion can be configured to assume a conforming configuration and at least one non-conforming configuration, or can be configured to assume at least two non-conforming configurations. The dynamic contact lenses can be used for correcting vision such as correcting presbyopia.

Methods and apparatus to enhance levels of oxygen in tear fluid under a worn advanced contact lens are described. The advanced contact lens may include an insert which is impermeable to fluid flow across its body. The method of enhancement may include creating pores through the insert, creating channels in portions of the contact lens body, including layers of absorptive material, including devices to generate or release oxygen or means of moving tear fluid under the contact lens.

Methods and apparatus to enhance levels of oxygen in tear fluid under a worn advanced contact lens are described. The contact lens may include an encapsulated hard lens element which is impermeable to fluid flow across its body. The method of enhancement may include creating pores through the hard lens element, creating channels in portions of the contact lens body, including layers of absorptive material, and creating means of moving tear fluid under the contact lens.

A rigid corneal contact lens comprises a front-surface optical zone and a back-surface optical zone: the front-surface optical zone comprises a front-surface central zone (1) and a defocusing zone (2) at the periphery of the front-surface central zone (1); the front-surface central zone (1) is spherical; the defocusing zone (2) has a radius of curvature decreasing from the outside of the front-surface central zone (1) continuously and a minimum radius of curvature which ranges from 95% to 50% of the radius of curvature of the front-surface central zone (1). Because of the structure of a human eye, the phenomenon of peripheral hyperopic defocus exist in human eyes, that is, central image points for an image are projected on macula foveal of retina and peripheral image points are projected behind retina. As shown in experimental evidences, peripheral hyperopic defocus is the main cause of myopia development which can be moderated by restraining peripheral hyperopic defocus. In this present disclosure, a rigid corneal contact lens featuring stronger refractive power at the lens's periphery than at the lens's central area contributes to moderating peripheral hyperopic defocus for myopia control.

An eye covering such as a contact lens may comprise one or more structures to pump tear liquid under the covering such that the covering can remain in the eye and correct vision for an extended amount of time. In many embodiments, the covering comprises a material having fenestrations to draw tear liquid under the covering and an outer portion shaped to contact the conjunctiva over the sclera, such that when the eye closes pressure of one or more eyelids urges tear liquid through one or more fenestrations and under the outer portion shaped to contact the conjunctiva. When the eye blinks, the pressure of the one or more eyelids can urge the covering toward the cornea such that tear liquid can pass through the fenestrations.