An audio system comprises an array of transparent piezoelectric transducers on a transparent surface. Each transparent piezoelectric transducer includes one or more piezoelectric layers and one or more conductive layers that are substantially transparent to visible light. A transparent piezoelectric transducer may include, e.g., a first conductive layer, a first piezoelectric layer on the first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer on the first piezoelectric layer. Or in another example, the transparent piezoelectric transducer includes many (e.g., 20-30) piezoelectric layers and many (e.g., 20-30) conductive layers.

Methods, systems and devices for diffractive waveplate lens and mirror systems allowing electronically pointing and focusing light at different focal planes. The system can be incorporated into a variety of optical schemes for providing electrical control of transmission. In another embodiment, the system comprises diffractive waveplates of different functionality to provide a system for controlling not only focusing but other propagation properties of light including direction, phase profile, and intensity distribution. The diffractive waveplate lens and mirror systems are applicable to optical communication systems.

To provide binocular loupes capable of ensuring an optimal focal distance for a user using a simple operation, focus adjustment units disposed in eyepiece units of a pair of left and right loupe bodies of binocular loupes are provided with focus adjustment lenses, and holding rings having magnetic bodies into which the focus adjustment lenses are fitted. The holding rings are mounted in contact with correction lenses constituting optical systems inside the loupe bodies, are drawn and held by magnet rings. By this means, it is possible to readily replace the focus adjustment lenses by mounting the lenses detachably from the loupe bodies, and it is possible to ensure an optimal focal distance.

Optical beam steering and focusing systems, devices, and methods that utilize diffractive waveplates are improved to produce high efficiency at large beam deflection angles, particularly around normal incidence, by diffractive waveplate architectures comprising a special combination of liquid crystal polymer diffractive waveplate both layers with internal twisted structure and at a layer with uniform structure.

An apparatus to treat refractive error of an eye comprises an optic comprising an optical zone and a peripheral defocus optical structure to form images of a plurality of stimuli anterior or posterior to a peripheral portion of a retina of the eye. In some embodiments, the peripheral defocus optical structure located outside the optical zone. In some embodiments, the peripheral defocus optical structure comprises optical power to focus light to a different depth of the eye than the optical zone. In some embodiments, the optic comprises one or more of a lens, an optically transparent substrate, a beam splitter, a prism, or an optically transmissive support.

An electronic case for electronic spectacles may include a base comprising a cavity formed therein. A first spectacle retention device may be located within the cavity. The first spectacle retention device may be configured to retain spectacles. An electrical control system may be included. An electrical connector may be configured to couple the electrical control system in electronic communication with the spectacles.

The present invention provides an intelligent virtual display device including a contact lens. The contact lens has a central area thereon, a micro display disposed outside the central area, a wearable reflector disposed corresponding to the micro display and configured to receive and to reflect images of the micro display, and a controller. The controller is connected with the micro display and configured to send the control signals to the micro display so as to generate the images. The contact lens is designed for being worn on a user's eyeball. When the eyeball rotates, the micro display changes its projection direction simultaneously to match the user's visual angle.

Systems and methods for auto-calibrating a virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) head-mounted display to a given user with a refractive condition without adding corrective lenses to optical elements of the head-mounted display and without requiring subjective refraction procedures. An autorefractor assembly of the head-mounted display, or a separate autorefractor headset, measures refractive error and communicates the measurements to a control system of the head-mounted display. Based on the refractive error measurements, the head-mounted display can adjust adaptive lenses and other adaptive optics to modify transmitted images; can make compensating adjustments to images displayed by a stereoscopic display device of the head-mounted display; or can make both types of adjustment. These automatic calibrations correct displayed images to compensate for refractive aberration in one or both eyes of the user. In an embodiment, the head-mounted display can correct other vision defects of the given user measured by objective ophthalmic examination.

The disclosure relates to an eye tracking device for tracking movements of an eye comprising, a viewing plane for displaying a projection of an image to the eye of a user, an image module placed on a same side of the viewing plane as the eye, at least one illuminator for illuminating the eye, a control unit adapted to receive an image captured by the image module, and calculate a viewing angle of the eye, a holographic optical element (HOE), wherein a HOE is placed between the eye and the viewing plane, wherein the image module is adapted to capture an image of the HOE, and wherein the HOE is adapted to direct at last a first portion of incident light reflected from the eye, in a first angle towards the image module, the first angle being different from an angle of the incidence of the incident light

A transformative, collapsible, portable and versatile personal display system is disclosed having a compact, lightweight collapsible structure enabling applications from eyeglass form virtual, augmented, mixed or experimental reality to a comfortable, portable wristwatch form. The system may be employed at public events and manifestations and permit the unique simultaneous transmission to a multiplicity of locations.