A display screen includes: a display panel with a display region and a non-display region, wherein the display region includes an intermediate display region and a peripheral display region surrounding the intermediate display region; an image expansion structure disposed in the peripheral display region, wherein the image expansion structure is configured to expand an image displayed by the peripheral display region of the display panel to the non-display region to cover the non-display region.

A light emitting element array includes plural semiconductor stacking structures and a light screening portion. The plural semiconductor stacking structures each include a light emitting portion and a light receiving portion that receives light propagated in a lateral direction via a semiconductor layer from the light emitting portion. The light screening portion is provided between the plural semiconductor stacking structures to screen light directed from the light emitting portion of one of the semiconductor stacking structures to the light receiving portion of another semiconductor stacking structure.

A method of forming a color-changing fiber that can be incorporated into fabrics and other woven materials. The color changing fibers include an annular wall and a conductive wire axially extending through the annular wall, a core strand surrounded by the annular wall and extending axially through a central portion of the fiber, and an encapsulated electro-optic medium disposed on a surface of the core strand.

Stress applied to a wavelength conversion element is relaxed at the time of temperature control of the wavelength conversion element, and stable operation and improvement of long-term reliability of a wavelength conversion device are realized. A wavelength conversion device includes: a wavelength conversion element that receives excitation light and signal light and outputs wavelength-converted output signal light; a temperature control element that controls a temperature of the wavelength conversion element; an upper member that is provided between the wavelength conversion element and the temperature control element and transfers heat between the temperature control element and the wavelength conversion element; and a sheet-like adhesive sheet provided between the wavelength conversion element (and the upper member. At least a part of the adhesive sheet has a surface facing the wavelength conversion element adhered to the wavelength conversion element, and a surface facing the upper member adhere to the upper member.

Preparation cell systems and methods are described herein. One example of a system for a preparation cell includes a laser coupled to a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers, a preparation cell to prepare a state of laser light received by the fiber bundle, and an exiting fiber bundle coupled to the preparation cell.

Disclosed herein are methods, apparatus, and systems for providing an optical beam delivery system, comprising an optical fiber including a first length of fiber comprising a first RIP formed to enable, at least in part, modification of one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam by a perturbation assembly arranged to modify the one or more beam characteristics, the perturbation assembly coupled to the first length of fiber or integral with the first length of fiber, or a combination thereof and a second length of fiber coupled to the first length of fiber and having a second RIP formed to preserve at least a portion of the one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam modified by the perturbation assembly within one or more first confinement regions. The optical beam delivery system may include an optical system coupled to the second length of fiber including one or more free-space optics configured to receive and transmit an optical beam comprising the modified one or more beam characteristics.

Application of an electric field to nanorods can control their alignment, thus providing techniques for ultra-fast switching and optical modulators, for example those that might serve as display indicators.

A technique facilitates control over optical transmittance and, in some applications, the technique may be carried out without using moving mechanical parts. A system may comprise a light source and an optical fiber line, e.g. a plurality of optical fiber lines, in optical communication with the light source. An electrochromic device is positioned along each optical fiber line and may be selectively operated via electrical inputs to control optical transmittance along the corresponding optical fiber line. When plural optical fiber lines are employed, the corresponding plurality of electrochromic devices may be operated to also provide control over optical path selection. In fluid analysis operations, at least one sample chamber for receiving fluid samples may be positioned along a corresponding optical fiber line to enable analysis of light directed into the fluid sample as controlled by the corresponding electrochromic device.

A microwave photonic filter is provided. The filter includes an optical source, an electro-optic modulator, a single mode optical fiber, a few-mode optical fiber, and a photodiode. The electro-optic modulator is configured to receive an optical carrier from the optical source and an input electrical signal. The electro-optic modulator modulates the optical carrier based on the input electrical signal. The single mode optical fiber is configured to receive the modulated optical carrier from the electro-optic modulator. The few-mode optical fiber is configured to receive the modulated optical carrier from the single mode optical fiber. The filter includes one of a plurality of methods for causing higher order mode excitation in the few-mode fiber. The photodiode is configured to receive an output from the few-mode optical fiber.

A color-changing fiber that can be incorporated into fabrics and other woven materials. The color changing fibers are hollow and include at least two wire electrodes that provide an electrical potential across an electro-optic medium including a non-polar solvent and at least one set of charged particles.