An optical modulator includes an optical waveguide formed on a substrate and modulates a light wave propagating through the optical waveguide, in which the optical waveguide has a configuration in which a plurality of branching parts are connected to each other in multiple stages, each of branched waveguides branched from a branch point of a first branching part among the plurality of branching parts has a transition curve of which a curvature changes, in a predetermined section from the branch point, each of the branched waveguides is formed by the transition curve starting from a curvature of 0, and a curvature change and a width change of the optical waveguide are set to be symmetric between the branched waveguides, and second branching parts formed in the respective branched waveguides are disposed at different positions between the branched waveguides in a direction along a propagation axis of the optical waveguide.

An initial change and a secular change in an optical characteristic and a high frequency characteristic in a case where an optical modulator is mounted in a package of an optical transmission apparatus are suppressed while improving a space utilization rate in the package of the optical transmission apparatus. An optical modulator that is electrically connected to an electric circuit configured on a circuit board, includes: a package that houses an optical modulation element; and a signal input part or the like for inputting an electric signal for causing the optical modulation element to perform an modulation operation from the electric circuit, in which the package has, on a part of a bottom surface facing the circuit board, a first protrusion portion protruding from the bottom surface, and the signal input part is provided on an upper surface of the first protrusion portion.

A display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device, and the display panel includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer; a first matrix including a plurality of grooves; and a second matrix, disposed in the grooves of the first matrix; the grooves are shaped so as to enable total reflection of light which is incident incident from the second matrix or the first matrix to an interface between the second matrix and the first matrix, and at least one of the first matrix and the second matrix is configured to change its refractive index in operation according to a change of a voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.

A monolithically integrated optical analog-to-digital conversion system based on a lithium niobate-silicon wafer, and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein a novel wafer (lithium niobate-silicon wafer) is used to implement the monolithically integrated optical analog-to-digital conversion system having multiple photonic devices, including an electro-optical modulator array, a tunable delay line array, an electronic circuit, and the like. As a result, multiple devices are manufactured on one chip, and the performance advantages and the stability of the system are guaranteed. Moreover, the present invention provides a CMOS-compatible method for manufacturing the system, so that the monolithically integrated optical analog-to-digital conversion system based on the lithium niobate-silicon wafer can be implemented on platforms of most chip manufacturers.

An optical modulator, a substrate for an optical modulator, a method of manufacturing an optical modulator, and a method of manufacturing a substrate for an optical modulator that can reduce a propagation loss are provided. An optical modulator 1 according to an embodiment includes: a base substrate 10; a waveguide substrate 20 disposed over the base substrate 10 and including an electro-optic effect; a waveguide 23 formed on the waveguide substrate 20 for performing optical modulation; and an electrode 40 configured to apply a voltage to the waveguide 23. Here, the base substrate 10 and the waveguide substrate 20 are made of the same material, the waveguide 23 is formed inside the waveguide substrate 20, and a refractive index of the waveguide substrate 20 is larger than a refractive index of the base substrate 10.

An optical modulator includes an optical waveguide formed on a substrate and modulates a light wave propagating through the optical waveguide, in which the optical waveguide has a configuration in which a plurality of branching parts are connected to each other in multiple stages, each of branched waveguides branched from a branch point of a first branching part among the plurality of branching parts has a transition curve of which a curvature changes, in a predetermined section from the branch point, each of the branched waveguides is formed by the transition curve starting from a curvature of 0, and a curvature change and a width change of the optical waveguide are set to be symmetric between the branched waveguides, and second branching parts formed in the respective branched waveguides are disposed at different positions between the branched waveguides in a direction along a propagation axis of the optical waveguide.

An electric field sensor which measures an electric field generated by a target utilizing an electro-optic effect, the electric field sensor including a light source, an electro-optic crystal on which light in a predetermined polarization state emitted from the light source is incident and which is subjected to the electric field generated by the target, a reference electric field applicator configured to apply an electric field based on a reference signal with a known signal level to the electro-optic crystal, a light receiver configured to receive light emitted from the electro-optic crystal and to convert the received light into an electric signal, and a separation corrector configured to separate the electric signal into a measurement signal based on the electric field generated by the target and the reference signal and to correct a signal level of the measurement signal on the basis of the signal level of the separated reference signal.

A laser device includes: a plurality of optical shutters (61, 62); a power source device (303n) configured to generate high voltage to be applied to the optical shutters (61, 62); a high-voltage side wire (63h) connecting the power source device (303n) and each of the optical shutters (61, 62); a ground-side wire (63g) grounding each of the optical shutters (61, 62); and a high-voltage side shared wire (64h) and a ground-side shared wire (64g) connecting the optical shutters (61, 62) in parallel. One of the high-voltage side wire (63h) and the ground-side wire (63g) is connected with the optical shutter (61) disposed on the most upstream side in the traveling direction of the laser beam, and the other of the high-voltage side wire (63h) and the ground-side wire (63g) is connected with the optical shutter (62) disposed on the most downstream side in the traveling direction of the laser beam.

An optical mount includes a mount material in a closed geometry with an outer surface sized for matching internal dimensions of an outer housing, and an inner surface including spaced apart inward extending contacting features providing contact points that collectively define an inner opening sized for securing an optical device including a crystal within. At least one feature gap or a recessed portion is between the inward extending contacting features. Edge holders are adapted for receiving corners of the optical device can be the protrusion pair or inner notches. The outer surface includes at least one outer notch between the inward extending contacting features. The edge holders and outer notch(es) are for each acting as hinge points opening or pinching depending on a direction of force on the optical mount for responding with flexure when there is a dimensional change in the crystal, mount material, or the housing.

An electro-optical crystal-mounted apparatus includes a compactly configured mounting sub-assembly, and a compactly configured position adjustment sub-assembly onto which the mounting sub-assembly is mounted. The mounting sub-assembly includes a mount including a thermally conductive and electrically insulating material, an electro-optical crystal housed within a cavity of the mount, and a layer of electrically conductive material disposed on at least a portion of the mount. The mounting sub-assembly further includes a crystal sub-assembly oven mounted to, and at least partially enclosing the mount, and a heater thermally coupled to the crystal sub-assembly oven. An electrical wire electrically is coupled to the layer of electrically conductive material. The position adjustment sub-assembly positions the electro-optical crystal with respect to a laser beam configured to pass through the electro-optical crystal, and includes at least one tilt/tip adjuster for adjusting at least one of a tip and a tilt of the electro-optical crystal.