A substrate (102) having a piezoelectric effect, optical waveguide (138a, 140a, 138b, 140b, and the like) formed on the substrate, and a plurality of bias electrodes (152a, 152b, and the like) that control an optical wave (s) which propagate through the optical waveguides are provided, and the bias electrodes are constituted and/or disposed such that an electrical signal applied to one of the bias electrodes is prevented from being received by another one of the bias electrodes through a surface acoustic wave.

An optical modulator includes a first optical modulation section and a second optical modulation section which use modulation signals different from each other when applying a modulation signal to the modulation electrode and performing optical modulation. In addition, a light-receiving element is disposed on a substrate, and the light-receiving element has a first light-receiving section that detects optical signal propagating from a first waveguide which guides the optical signal output from the first optical modulation section. In addition, the light-receiving element also has a second light-receiving section that detects an optical signal propagating through a second waveguide which guides the optical signal output from the second optical modulation section.

An optical modulator includes a substrate having an electro-optic effect, an optical waveguide that is formed in the substrate, and a modulation electrode (not illustrated) for modulating a light wave that propagates through the optical waveguide. In the optical modulator, a light-receiving element is disposed on the substrate, and the light-receiving element includes a light-receiving section that receives a light wave that propagates through the optical waveguide, and the light-receiving section is located on the downstream side of a center of the light-receiving element in a light wave propagating direction.

An electro-optic modulator comprising at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to a voltage source to modulate light passing there through; whereby light is modulated by passing through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal. A method for modulating light comprising providing at least one at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; providing first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to a voltage source to modulate light passing there through; providing an interrogating light beam striking at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; modulating light passing through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; and receiving a modulated light beam.

The present embodiment relates to a variable-phase device including a new device structure that can solve various problems. The variable-phase device includes M pixels (where M is an integer of 2 or more) arrayed one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally, the M pixels each emitting light or modulating light. The array pitch of the M pixels is less than the wavelength of incident light and is constant along a predetermined direction. Each of the M pixels includes N sub-pixels (where N is an integer of 2 or more) each having a structure allowing the phase of outgoing light to vary. With respect to each of the M pixels, N partial light beams outputted from the N sub-pixels are combined into light having a single phase in the far field.

The present disclosure provides a display device, including: a light emitting device and a light adjusting layer, the light adjusting layer being on a light emitting side of the light emitting device, and the light emitting device being configured to generate and emit light having a wavelength in a wavelength range of visible light, wherein the light adjusting layer is configured to block light having a wavelength in a partial wavelength range of blue light from passing through when subjected to an external stimulus and allow the light having the wavelength in the partial wavelength range of blue light to pass through when the external stimulus is removed, and the light adjusting layer includes a responsive photonic crystal.

The disclosure is directed to devices, systems, and methods for performing quantum state-mediated microwave-to-optical energy conversion. Such quantum state-mediated energy conversion may be achieved via coherent interactions between an optical excitation and microwave electric field mediated by various quantum states in a defect embedded in a crystalline lattice. Such energy conversion enables coherent electro-optical modulation of optical emission from the defect, microwave-optical transduction, optical detection of microwave, and optical frequency mixing in the optical emission from the defect. The optical emission from the defect maintains and carries quantum coherence in the defect. Such devices and methods may be applied in quantum information processing systems.

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell) positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.

A photonic computing system, preferably including an input module, a computation module, and/or control module. The photonic computing system can include one or more optical filter banks, such as in the computation module and/or any other suitable modules. Each optical filter bank preferably includes a plurality of photonic bandgap phase modulators. Each photonic bandgap phase modulator preferably includes a set of photonic crystal segments. The photonic crystal segments can preferably be controlled to transition light propagation between two or more photonic bands.

The application discloses an atom interferometer comprising an optical cavity and method of operation thereof. The atom interferometer includes a vacuum chamber, an optical cavity, a source for providing a cloud of atoms in the optical cavity in use, and one or more light sources. The one or more light sources are for generating, in the cavity, in use a first light beam having a first polarisation and at a first frequency for a two-photon interaction in the atoms; and a counterpropagating second light beam having a second polarisation orthogonal to the first polarisation and at a second frequency for the two-photon interaction in the atoms. The atom interferometer also includes an electro-optic element arranged in the cavity to be operable to simultaneously change: the resonant frequency of the cavity for light in the first polarisation to track changes in the frequency of the first light beam to compensate for the doppler shift of the falling atoms in use; and the resonant frequency of the cavity for light in the second polarisation to track changes in frequency of the counterpropagating second light beam to compensate for the doppler shift of the falling atoms in use.