Described herein is an integrated Faraday modulator and Faraday compensator (IFMC) system. Further described are methods of making an IFMC system, methods of customizing an IFMC system for a specific application, and methods of optimizing an IFMC system for a specific application. Further described is a robust 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) for designing and optimizing an IFMC system. Further described are optical instruments comprising an integrated Faraday modulator and Faraday compensator requiring only one optical crystal.

Articles comprises iron oxide colloidal nanocrystals arranged within chains, wherein the chains of nanocrystals are embedded within a material used to form the article or a transfer medium used to transfer a color to the article are described. The material or transfer medium includes elastic properties that allow the nanocrystals to display a temporary color determined by the strength of an external force applied to the article, and the material or transfer medium includes memory properties that cause the displayed temporary color to dissipate when the external force is removed, wherein the dissipation of the displayed temporary color is sufficiently slow as to be visually observable by an average observer's unaided eye.

Apparatuses for manipulating a color displayed by an article of wear comprising iron oxide colloidal nanocrystals arranged within chains are described, The apparatus includes (a) a magnetic field source, wherein a strength of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source is tunable to control the color displayed by the article of wear, and (b) an energy source, wherein energy generated by the energy source is applied to at least some of the chains of nanocrystals to soften materials within the article of wear immediately surrounding the chains of nanocrystals to which the energy is applied.

A system for providing a magnetic field for a sample includes a first contact surface for thermally contacting the sample and a second contact surface, which is in thermal contact with at least one magnetic element.

Systems and methods of manipulating a color displayed by an article of wear comprising iron oxide colloidal nanocrystals arranged within chains are described. Steps may include forming the article of wear from a raw material that include the chains of nanocrystals, applying a magnetic field to the raw material, applying energy to at least some of the chains of nanocrystals to soften materials within the raw material immediately surrounding the chains of nanocrystals to which the energy is applied, adjusting a strength of the magnetic field to control the color displayed by the raw material, removing the energy to allow the materials within the raw material immediately surrounding the chains of nanocrystals to harden and fix a location of the nanocrystals within the chains, and removing the magnetic field.

An optical device includes a photonically controlled Josephson Junction and a Faraday rotator cell magnetized by the Josephson Junction.

The embodiment of the application discloses an optical isolator, comprising an isolator main component and a magnetic field adjusting module, wherein the center of the isolator main component is provided with a central through hole; the isolator main component includes: at least a group of magnet array, a Faraday optical rotation component and a magnetic field adjusting screw disposed in the central through hole; the magnet array is disposed around the central through hole, the magnetic field adjusting module includes: a magnetic field adjusting electric motor; the magnetic field adjusting screw is connected to the magnetic field adjusting electric motor and the magnet army, respectively, the magnetic field adjusting electric motor is configured to adjust magnetic field strength applied to the Faraday optical rotation component from the magnet array by changing the displacement of the magnetic field adjusting screw.

Embodiments here describe a Faraday rotator ball lens that can be used in an optical device to focus received light and prevent back reflections from reaching a light source. In one embodiment, the isolator ball lens includes an optic axis that should be aligned with the direction of the received light in order to rotate the light so that back reflections cannot reach the light source. To do so, the isolator ball lens is placed on a holder which is then vibrated, shaken, or an aerodynamic levitation is applied in the presence of a magnetic field. The magnetic field is aligned with a desired direction of the optic axis of the isolator ball lens as the ball lens. As a result, when the ball lens is moved, the magnetic field rotates the ball lens and aligns its optic axis in the desired direction.

An integrated optical circulator comprising at least two single-fiber bidirectional optical fiber interfaces, a refractive element group, an optical isolation element group, and an optical fiber array, wherein the refractive element group and the optical isolation element group are sequentially arranged on a same optical path; incident signal light from each optical fiber interface sequentially passes through the refractive element group and the optical isolation element group, then is output by a corresponding outgoing optical fiber of the optical fiber array; incident signal light from each incident optical fiber of the optical fiber array sequentially passes through the optical isolation element group and the refractive element group, then is emitted by a corresponding optical fiber interface. Multiple optical circulators are integrated within the volume of a same optical circulator, reducing the volume occupied by optical circulators, lowering overall cost of the device, and improving convenience of optical path integration.

A spatial light modulator system includes a concentration layer including an array of optical concentrators, such that each concentrator concentrates a portion of an input light beam. A modulation layer includes an array of light modulators each in optical communication with one of the optical concentrators for modulating the portion of the input light beam. The light modulators are spaced apart from one another in the modulation layer to form gaps between adjacent ones of the light modulators. A coil of each light modulator can surround a Faraday element or core containing a Faraday material to control a magnetic state of a Faraday material responsive to control signals.