A projector includes a beam homogenizer receiving light from a light source and creating a predetermined illumination, and a spatial light modulator including grating stages to receive the predetermined illumination. Each grating stage may include a plurality of pixels where corresponding pixels in the grating stages are aligned with one another. Each of the pixels may include a liquid crystal layer disposed between two substrates, where a pixel is switchable by applying a voltage thereto, with a grating period of the pixel selected such that, when the voltage is applied to the pixel and light is passed therethrough, optical energy from the light in plus and minus first orders is deflected toward sides of the pixel and optical energy from a zero order of the light is allowed to pass through the pixel, with a polarization state of the light maintained through the pixel.

A display system in an embodiment according to the present invention includes a display panel, a backlight located at a back surface side of the display panel and that emits light toward the display panel, a reflective panel located at a front surface side of the display panel and having a light receiving surface inclined obliquely in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the backlight, and a magnifying mirror disposed at a position where a reflected light from the reflective panel is received. The reflective panel includes a reflection region and a transmission region in the light receiving surface, and a position and a size of the reflection region and the transmission region are variable.

The invention relates to an illumination apparatus for a microscope, a microscope and a method for operating the illumination apparatus. The illumination apparatus has a sample space for holding a sample that is to be illuminated, and at least one laser light source. An objective for the directional emission of laser radiation of a first wavelength along a first optical axis that is directed into the sample space, and with a cover of the sample space by which the sample space is delimited at least on one of its sides. The cover further has a layer that is either impenetrable for the laser radiation over a blocking angle range of the illumination angle and is transmissive for radiation of a second wavelength over a transmitted light angle range, or has a controllable layer that, in a first control state, is transparent for radiation of the second wavelength and, in a second control state, is impenetrable for the laser radiation of the first wavelength.

A tunable band-stop filter, a method of driving a tunable band-stop filter and an electronic device are provided. The tunable band-stop filter includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a wire structure on a first base substrate, the second substrate includes a common electrode on a second base substrate. The wire structure includes a first wire structure and a second wire structure. The first wire structure, the common electrode, and the liquid crystal layer between the first wire structure and the common electrode constitute a first phase modulation structure, and the second wire structure, the common electrode, and the liquid crystal layer between the second wire structure and the common electrode constitute a second phase modulation structure.

A liquid crystal antenna substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a liquid crystal antenna and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The manufacturing method of the liquid crystal antenna substrate includes: forming a conductive pattern on a base substrate; coating a liquid photo-curable material at a side of the conductive pattern away from the base substrate; and using the conductive pattern as a mask to perform an exposure process from a side of the base substrate away from the conductive pattern, a portion of the liquid photo-curable material corresponding to the conductive pattern is cured to form spacers.

A liquid crystal antenna, a manufacturing method and a driving method thereof, and a communication device are disclosed. The liquid crystal antenna includes a first substrate and a second substrate provided opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer, a plurality of microstrip patch antenna structures and a ground electrode. The liquid crystal layer and the plurality of microstrip patch antenna structures are located between the first substrate and the second substrate; the ground electrode is located on a side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer. Each of the plurality of microstrip patch antenna structures is configured to receive a voltage signal that controls deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and to receive or transmit a microwave signal.

A liquid crystal phase shifter and an antenna are provided. The liquid crystal phase shifter includes first and second substrates opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer therebetween. The first substrate includes a first base plate and a first electrode thereon. The first electrode includes a main body structure on a side of the first base plate distal to the liquid crystal layer and at least one branch structure on a side of the first base plate proximal to the liquid crystal layer. The at least one branch structure is connected to the main body structure, and is spaced apart from each other in a lengthwise direction of the main body structure. The second substrate includes a second base plate and a second electrode thereon, and orthographic projections of the second electrode and the branch structure on the first base plate at least partially overlaps each other.

A terminal is provided, and the terminal includes a housing, a front screen, a circuit board, and a power supply. The front screen is disposed on the housing, both the circuit board and the power supply are disposed inside the housing, and the power supply is connected to the circuit board. The front screen includes a toughened glass, a color changing layer, and a display screen that are sequentially stacked. The color changing layer is connected to the circuit board, and can change a color when receiving power supply. The color changing layer is disposed in the front screen, and may change a color when receiving the power supply from the circuit board. The color changing layer is configured only to change a color and cannot display a complex image, and power consumption of the color changing layer is far less than that of the display screen.

There is provided a phase shifter including a first substrate, a second substrate and a dielectric layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate includes a first base and a first electrode layer on a side, of the first base, the second substrate includes a second base, a second electrode layer and a reference voltage leading-in end on a side of the second base, the reference voltage leading-in end is coupled to the second electrode layer, one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer includes a body structure and a branch structures; an orthographic projection of an end of each branch structure away from the body structure on the first base is overlapped with an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer or the first electrode layer on the first base. An antenna is further provided.

The present invention provides a positioning method and a positioning device for a display module. The present invention achieves real-time monitoring for the alignment accuracy of a target display module in the horizontal direction by setting a laser calibration device between the target display module and a support table, and determining if a light source received by a receiver in the laser calibration device is disposed on a same horizontal line. The application of the laser calibration device improves alignment accuracy of the target display module and improves yield and quality of the product.