An electrochromic element is provided. The electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode with a gap therebetween, and a color developing layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The color developing layer includes an electrochromic compound that develops and discharges color by a redox reaction and a compound having an adsorption group adsorptive to the first electrode.

A self-heating electrochromic device and related manufacturing methods are provided. The electrochromic device includes a bottom electrode layer and a bottom substrate attached to each other; a top electrode layer and a top substrate attached to each other; an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a charge storage layer sandwiched by the bottom electrode layer and the top electrode layer. Two first high conductive bars may be respectively provided on two edges of the bottom electrode layer, and two second high conductive bars may be respectively provided on two edges of the top electrode layer. The first and second high conductive bars may be configured to generate a current in the electrode layer in response to a voltage, and thus increase the temperature of the electrochromic device, thereby improving the switching speed of the electrochromic device in a low temperature environment.

Comparing to conventional electrochromic material showing a primary drawback of high manufacturing cost due to low synthetic yield, the inventors of the present invention modulate the chemical structure of a traditional viologen compounds so as to develop a novel electrochromic material performing an excellent advantage of low manufacturing cost resulted from high recovery rate. Moreover, differing from conventional electrochromic devices (ECD) installed with the conventional electrochromic material, the inventors of the present invention also propose an anti-dazzle mirror having the novel electrochromic material, wherein the proposed anti-dazzle mirror shows an outstanding reflectivity performance.

An organic compound having the following general formula [1]: ##STR00001## wherein A1 and A2 independently denote a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R7 denotes a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R2 to R5 denote a substituent, R1 and R6 independently denote a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and m is 2 or 3.

Provided is an electrochromic element, including: a first electrode and a second electrode, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent; a third electrode; and an electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic material, and a cathodic organic electrochromic material that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the third electrode is electrically connectable to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode via the electrolyte, and in which the third electrode has an effective area that is larger than an effective area of the first electrode and an effective area of the second electrode.

The present invention relates to a group of novel electrochromic materials. More specifically, it relates to electrochromic materials based on either single or two-core viologen systems and the use of these viologen systems as a variable transmittance medium for the manufacture of an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens.

The present invention relates to an electrochromic composition comprising at least one reducing compound and at least two oxidizing compounds, said at least two oxidizing compounds having similar oxydo-reduction potentials. More specifically, said at least two oxidizing compounds are selected from viologen derivatives. Said composition can be used as a variable transmittance medium for the manufacture of an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens.

Provided is an organic electrochromic device which has a high response speed and is excellent in durability even when a large current is flowed transiently, in which: an electrochromic layer arranged between a pair of electrodes contains an organic electrochromic material, a redox substance, and a solvent; the organic electrochromic material and the redox substance are each a material to be reversibly subjected to a redox reaction; and a potential at which the redox substance is oxidized (or reduced) is present between a potential at which the organic electrochromic material is reversibly oxidized (or reduced) and a potential at which the organic electrochromic material is irreversibly oxidized (or reduced).

To provide an electrochromic element, which contains: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode contains a polymer product obtained through polymerization of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine.

The present invention provides an electrochromic element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode, and an electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic compound, and a cathodic redox substance are present between the first electrode and the second electrode, the third electrode is electrically connectable to the first electrode or the second electrode via the electrolyte, the third electrode contains an irreversibly oxidizable substance, and the oxidizable substance is not oxidized by a first oxidant of the anodic organic electrochromic compound but is more easily oxidizable than a reductant in an irreversible oxidation reaction of the anodic organic electrochromic compound.