Composite assemblies are described that can be switched from a transparent state to a non transparent state, and in some examples even switched between different colors/reflectivities in the non transparent state. Switching between these states can be initiated by application of an electrical current to Ag carbon nanotube yarns in contact with an electrochromic electrolyte. The carbon nanotube yarns increase the efficiency with which electrons are provided to an electrolyte.

Disclosed are electrochemically tunable metamaterials which are capable of complete reversibility such that the metamaterial itself can physically disappear (out of the active region) and reappear later, in a controllable manner. Some variations provide an electrochemically tunable, solid-state metamaterial-based device comprising a plurality of metamaterial unit cells, wherein each of the metamaterial unit cells comprises: an ion conductor containing mobile metal ions; a first electrode in contact with the ion conductor, wherein the first electrode is contained in a metasurface negative space disposed on the ion conductor; a second electrode in contact with the ion conductor, wherein the second electrode is electrically isolated from the first electrode; and a metal-containing region containing one or more metals, wherein the metal-containing region is contained within a metasurface positive space disposed on the ion conductor.

A backplane, a dimming method thereof, and a display device having same are disclosed. The display device includes the backplane which has a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, an electrolyte layer, and a driving electrode which is connected to the first substrate and the second substrate, respectively. When the driving electrode is controlled to apply different voltages between the first substrate and the second substrate, the electrolyte layer shows different translucent states.

An electrochromic device includes an ultra-wideband transparent conducting electrode (UWB-TCE) including: a graphene layer; a gold microgrid on the graphene layer; and an IR-transparent substrate on the graphene layer and the gold microgrid. The electrochromic device is switchable between a solar heating mode and a radiative cooling mode including coating a metal layer on the UWB-TCE for the heating mode and stripping the metal layer for the cooling mode.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel electrochromic device (ECD). Disclosed is an electrochromic device (ECD) comprising two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films individually acting as a working electrode and a counter electrode; (i) one of the two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films being a film of a cathodically coloring metallo-supramolecular polymer comprising at least one organic ligand having a plurality of metal coordination positions and a metal ion of at least one transition metal and/or lanthanoid metal with the at least one organic ligand and the metal ion being arranged alternately, and the other of the two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films being a film of an anodically coloring metal hexacyanoferrate (MHCF) represented by the formula: M(II).sub.3[Fe(III)CN.sub.6].sub.2 (where M=Fe, Ni or Zn), and (ii) the electrochromic device having a first conducting substrate; the film of the cathodically coloring metallo-supramolecular polymer; an electrolyte; the film of the anodically coloring metal hexacyanoferrate (MHCF); and a second conducting substrate being arranged in this order.

The present application discloses a method for preparing an electrochromic device. The method includes placing an edge protection material on a first and second substrates, placing a first and second interlayers respectively within the edge protection material on the first and second substrates, wherein the edge protection material surrounds edges of the first and second interlayers, and interposing an electrochromic film between the first and second interlayers. The edge protection material prevents chemicals in the first and second interlayers from entering into the electrochromic film.

A flash lamp, a flash lamp control method and a mobile device are described. The flash lamp includes a light-emitting device and an electrochromic module disposed on the light-emitting device. A color of the electrochromic module is different under different operating voltages, such that a color temperature of light is different, the light being emitted by the light-emitting device and passing through the electrochromic module.

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors, as well as methods and apparatus for fabricating such electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors. In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device or precursor may include one or more particular materials such as a particular electrochromic material and/or a particular counter electrode material. In various implementations, the electrochromic material includes tungsten titanium molybdenum oxide. In these or other implementation, the counter electrode material may include nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten tantalum oxide, nickel tungsten niobium oxide, nickel tungsten tin oxide, or another material.

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors, as well as methods and apparatus for fabricating such electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors. In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device or precursor may include one or more particular materials such as a particular electrochromic material and/or a particular counter electrode material. In various implementations, the electrochromic material includes tungsten titanium molybdenum oxide. In these or other implementation, the counter electrode material may include nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten tantalum oxide, nickel tungsten niobium oxide, nickel tungsten tin oxide, or another material.

The present disclosure provides a smart window including a first base layer and a second base layer positioned to face each other; a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer respectively positioned at inner surfaces of the first base layer and the second base layer; and an electrolyte layer interposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer includes a plurality of first nanostructures, and the second conductive layer includes a plurality of second nanostructures having a different average length from the plurality of first nanostructures.