A monolithic method of forming an electrochromic (EC) pane unit, the method including: forming a first electrode via a solution deposition process, on a first conductive layer disposed on a transparent first substrate, forming an electrolyte layer on the first electrode via a sol-gel process, forming a second electrode on the electrolyte layer via a solution deposition process, and forming a second conductive layer on the second electrode.

A monolithic method of forming an electrochromic (EC) pane unit, the method including: forming a first electrode via a solution deposition process, on a first conductive layer disposed on a transparent first substrate, forming an electrolyte layer on the first electrode via a sol-gel process, forming a second electrode on the electrolyte layer via a solution deposition process, and forming a second conductive layer on the second electrode.

A light transmissive element includes a light transmissive area. The element includes transparent substrates including respective transparent conductive films on respective surfaces thereof. The element has a structure in which the transparent substrates are disposed so as to face each other across a gap with the transparent conductive films facing each other and the gap is filled with an electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a metal ion and is prepared so as to allow the metal ion to be reversibly deposited on a surface of a transparent conductive film via electrodeposition according to a state of applied voltage between the transparent conductive film and the transparent conductive film. In the light transmissive area, a dividing line is formed in the transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film includes divisional areas in the light transmissive area, the divisional areas being electrically insulated from each other by the dividing line.

The present disclosure is directed toward an electrodeposition-based dynamic glass element comprising an electrolyte that includes an aqueous solvent and an additive, wherein the electrolyte is stable over a temperature range that is greater than the stable temperature range of the aqueous solvent alone. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the electrolyte is lowered by its inclusion of the additive. Additives suitable for use in accordance with the present disclosure include alcohols, metal salts, sugars, cryoprotectants, and the like. In some cases, the freezing point of the aqueous-solvent-based electrolyte is lowered from 0 C. to 40 C. by virtue of the inclusion of the additive. In some cases, the maximum stable temperature of the electrolyte is increased from 100 C. to 110 C. by virtue of the inclusion of the additive.

The present disclosure is directed toward an electrodeposition-based dynamic glass element comprising an electrolyte that includes an aqueous solvent and an additive, wherein the electrolyte is stable over a temperature range that is greater than the stable temperature range of the aqueous solvent alone. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the electrolyte is lowered by its inclusion of the additive. Additives suitable for use in accordance with the present disclosure include alcohols, metal salts, sugars, cryoprotectants, and the like. In some cases, the freezing point of the aqueous-solvent-based electrolyte is lowered from 0 C. to 40 C. by virtue of the inclusion of the additive. In some cases, the maximum stable temperature of the electrolyte is increased from 100 C. to 110 C. by virtue of the inclusion of the additive.

There is provided a display device having an electrochromic element placed in the display device. The electrochromic element has: a light transmittance of 70% or more and a light reflectance of 20% or less at a central wavelength of a visible spectrum when in a transparent state; and a light reflectance of 65% or more at the central wavelength of the visible spectrum when in a mirror state. By this, the display device is not only highly effective in terms of light-shielding, heat blocking, screening, etc., but is also switchable between a transmissive type and a reflective type.

There is provided a display device having an electrochromic element placed in the display device. The electrochromic element has: a light transmittance of 70% or more and a light reflectance of 20% or less at a central wavelength of a visible spectrum when in a transparent state; and a light reflectance of 65% or more at the central wavelength of the visible spectrum when in a mirror state. By this, the display device is not only highly effective in terms of light-shielding, heat blocking, screening, etc., but is also switchable between a transmissive type and a reflective type.

A high-quality electrochemical optical device includes: first and second substrates having electrodes so that the electrodes of the second substrates are arranged to correspondingly face the electrodes of the first substrate; reaction/ion conduction layers each disposed between one electrode of the first substrate and a corresponding one electrode of the second substrate; and conduction materials disposed between the first and second substrates and between the reaction/ion conduction layers. Electrochemical optical element regions are defined in a tiling fashion at respective positions of the reaction/ion conduction layers to correspondingly include the electrodes of the first and second substrates, and the reaction/ion conduction layer. The conduction materials electrically connect the electrochemical optical element regions in series in the same direction by connecting the electrode of the first substrate in one of the mutually adjacent electrochemical optical element regions and the electrode of the second substrate in the other electrochemical optical element region.

A dimming device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light emitting stacked body that includes a first electrode, a dimming layer, and a second electrode that are stacked; the dimming layer has a stacked structure of a reduction coloring layer, an electrolyte layer, and an oxidation coloring layer; when the number of atoms of a metal contributing to reduction reaction in a compound contained in the reduction coloring layer is denoted by [Re] and the number of atoms of a metal contributing to oxidation reaction in a compound contained in the oxidation coloring layer is denoted by [Ox], the value of [Re]/[Ox] is within a prescribed range; alternatively, when the thickness of the reduction coloring layer is denoted by T.sub.Re and the thickness of the oxidation coloring layer is denoted by T.sub.Ox, the value of T.sub.Re/T.sub.Ox is within a prescribed range.

In a waiting period in which a transmission state of an electrodeposition element is held to be a predetermined transmission state such as a full-transmission state, based on a frequency, a duty ratio, a first voltage and a second voltage set in advance, a transmittance holding pulse generating section generates a pattern of a transmittance holding pulse having a cycle corresponding to the frequency and continuously outputs the pattern of the transmittance holding pulse to the electrodeposition element. In a light reduction period in which the transmission state of the electrodeposition element is held to be a light-reduced state (transmittance is lowered), the deposition start voltage generating section applies a third voltage, which is a preset deposition start voltage, to the electrodeposition element. Consequently, metal ions are easily deposited, enabling increasing a speed of dispersion of the metal ions.