Provided is an electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode apart from and opposite to the first electrode; an electrolyte layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, containing an oxidizable substance or a reducible substance, or both; and at least one of an oxidizable electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing an oxidizable electrochromic compound, and a reducible electrochromic layer between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing a reducible electrochromic compound, wherein an oxidation potential of the oxidizable substance is nobler than an oxidation potential of the oxidizable electrochromic compound, a reduction potential of the reducible substance is baser than a reduction potential of the reducible electrochromic compound, an oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is irreversible, and a reduction reaction of the reducible substance is irreversible.

An electrochromic system and method for controlling photochromic darkening of an electrochromic device, the system including an EC device, a control unit, a voltage detector, and a power supply. The EC device includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a solid-state polymer electrolyte disposed therebetween. The control unit is configured to control a sweep voltage applied between the working and counter electrodes, such that the sweep voltage is applied when an open circuit voltage (OCV) between the working and counter electrodes is less than a threshold voltage.

An electrochromic element is provided that includes a first substrate and a second substrate that are arranged to oppose each other, a first transparent electrode that is formed on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate, a second transparent electrode that is formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and a coloration layer that is arranged between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode. The coloration layer includes an electrochromic material and an electrolyte, and a pattern or a concentration gradient of the electrochromic material is formed in at least a part of the coloration layer.

Methods and materials to fabricate electrochromic including electrochemical devices are disclosed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the composition, fabrication and incorporation of electrolytic sheets in these devices. Composition, fabrication and incorporation of redox materials and sealants suitable for these devices are also disclosed. Incorporation of EC devices in insulated glass system (IGU) windows is also disclosed.

To provide an electrochromic element, which contains: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode contains a polymer product obtained through polymerization of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine.

The present invention relates to a composite having exceptional heat resistance and durability that exhibits quick response characteristics when used in an electrochromic device; an electrochromic device in which the composite is used; and a method for producing said composite and device. This composite contains an organic/metallic hybrid polymer that contains an organic ligand and a metal ion coordinated to the organic ligand, and an ionic liquid. The organic/metallic hybrid polymer forms ionic bonds with the ionic liquid. This electrochromic device comprises a first electrode, an electrochromic layer containing the composite, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode.

The present disclosure describes electrochromic devices comprising transparent conductive layer acting as an electrode, an active electrochromic film, an ion conductor, and an ion storage film at least one of which comprises at least one MXene material.

Provided are electrolyte films or cells for use in variety of applications, such as electrochromic windows. An electrolytic film comprises a polymer layer, such as thermoplastic polyurethane or polymethyl methacrylate, and an electrolyte within the polymer layer. The electrolyte comprises a salt and a plasticizer. The plasticizer comprises one or more materials that are selected to provide sufficient conductivity and optical transparency for operation of the electrolyte film in an application requiring substantial optical clarity and switching speed, such as a smart window.

Described herein is a polymorphic display, which is a unitary apparatus constructed such that a wide variety of electro-optic functions are enabled. The polymorphic display, even when having multiple pixels, enables sharing of selected structures among the pixels. In a multi-pixel construction, there is a set of pixels in the display that exhibit one set of operable properties, such as particular stability, sequencing, and switching properties, and another set of pixels that are different from the first set. That is, they have different stability, sequencing, or switching properties. In such a way, a highly flexible polymorphic display may be construed to satisfy a wide range of display need.

A biodegradable solid aqueous electrolyte composition, an electrochemical device incorporating the electrolyte composition, and methods for the same are provided. The electrolyte composition may include a rubber-like hydrogel including a copolymer and a salt. The copolymer may include at least two polycaprolactone chains coupled with a polymeric center block. The polymeric center block may include polyvinyl alcohol. The hydrogel may be biodegradable. The electrochemical device may include an anode, a cathode, and the electrolyte composition disposed between the anode and the cathode.