Proposed are a display panel structure consisting of a composite material phase and capable of implementing four full colors and a transmission mode conversion, and a driving method therefor enabling conversion to a reflection mode, a shielding mode, and the transmission mode. The display panel structure includes: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on a surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on a surface of the lower substrate; and a partition wall defining a unit cell region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The unit cell region includes a plurality of first particles exhibiting a first color, a plurality of second particles exhibiting a second color, a plurality of third particles exhibiting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles exhibiting a fourth color, the first, second, third, and fourth particles being dispersed in a fluid.

Methods and devices are provided for the beam steering, focusing, display, and generation of light and images by electronically induced refractive index gradients and scattering fields formed by forces on particles in a colloid due to phoretic processes. The methods and devices provide control over multi-octave bandwidth and polarization diverse light having a large dynamic range in power handling. Embodiments of the technique are provided for large-angle beam steering, beam combining, focusing, and redirecting light electronically. Diverse applications for the technology include, but are not limited to: solar concentrators, LiDAR, robotic vision, smartphone zoom lenses, 3D-manufacturing, high-power laser machining, augmented & virtual reality displays, electronic paper displays, computer and television displays.

A smart mobility vehicle includes a windshield including an electrochromic film having adjustable transparency based on power applied thereto, and a projector configured to project vehicle driving information onto the windshield, wherein the windshield comprises an internal display area and an external display area, the internal display area being configured to display an image toward an inside of the vehicle, the external display area being configured to display an image toward an outside of the vehicle.

A smart mobility vehicle includes a windshield including an electrochromic film having adjustable transparency based on power applied thereto, and a projector configured to project vehicle driving information onto the windshield, wherein the windshield comprises an internal display area and an external display area, the internal display area being configured to display an image toward an inside of the vehicle, the external display area being configured to display an image toward an outside of the vehicle.

A product includes a cell having a mixture comprising a solvent and colloidal nanoparticles. Each of the colloidal nanoparticles have a core and a shell surrounding the core. The cell also includes at least one electrode. A product includes a nanoparticle having a core and a shell. The core includes a luminescent material. The shell is silicon-based. A method includes applying an external stimulus to a cell containing a mixture comprising a solvent and colloidal nanoparticles for altering the brightness and/or color of an assembly of at least some of the colloidal nanoparticles. Each of the colloidal nanoparticles have a core and a shell surrounding the core.

A product includes a cell having a mixture comprising a solvent and colloidal nanoparticles. Each of the colloidal nanoparticles have a core and a shell surrounding the core. The cell also includes at least one electrode. A product includes a nanoparticle having a core and a shell. The core includes a luminescent material. The shell is silicon-based. A method includes applying an external stimulus to a cell containing a mixture comprising a solvent and colloidal nanoparticles for altering the brightness and/or color of an assembly of at least some of the colloidal nanoparticles. Each of the colloidal nanoparticles have a core and a shell surrounding the core.

An optical switch includes a plurality of micro-grooves, a micro-fluid disposed in each micro-groove of the plurality of micro-grooves, and a driving electrode disposed corresponding to the micro-fluid in each micro-groove. The driving electrode is configured to provide a voltage to a corresponding micro-fluid to control light transmittance of a region where the micro-fluid is located.

An optical switch includes a plurality of micro-grooves, a micro-fluid disposed in each micro-groove of the plurality of micro-grooves, and a driving electrode disposed corresponding to the micro-fluid in each micro-groove. The driving electrode is configured to provide a voltage to a corresponding micro-fluid to control light transmittance of a region where the micro-fluid is located.

A substrate includes a base, a pixel defining layer, a plurality of electrode pairs, and a plurality of light-emitting devices. The pixel defining layer is disposed on the base, and includes a plurality of through holes. At least one electrode pair includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are disposed at least on a hole wall of one of the through holes and at least partially opposite to each other, and the first electrode and the second electrode are insulated from each other. One of the plurality of light-emitting devices includes a liquid functional layer disposed in the through hole. The liquid functional layer is in direct contact with the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid functional layer includes a liquid light-emitting layer configured to emit light.

A substrate includes a base, a pixel defining layer, a plurality of electrode pairs, and a plurality of light-emitting devices. The pixel defining layer is disposed on the base, and includes a plurality of through holes. At least one electrode pair includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are disposed at least on a hole wall of one of the through holes and at least partially opposite to each other, and the first electrode and the second electrode are insulated from each other. One of the plurality of light-emitting devices includes a liquid functional layer disposed in the through hole. The liquid functional layer is in direct contact with the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid functional layer includes a liquid light-emitting layer configured to emit light.