A tiling display device includes a support element, plural thin film transistor (TFT) substrates, a front panel laminate (FPL), and a protection sheet. The TFT substrates are located on the support element and are adjacent to each other. The front panel laminate is located on the TFT substrates and has a light transmissive film, a transparent conductive layer, and a display medium layer. The transparent conductive layer is located on a bottom surface of the light transmissive film. The display medium layer is located between the transparent conductive layer and the TFT substrates. The protection sheet is located on a top surface of the front panel laminate.

The invention is directed to a building envelope surface element with controllable shading. The object of finding a novel possibility for controllable shading of building envelope surface elements which permits a control without electric area electrodes and has short switching times is met according to the invention in that the fluid flows through capillary channels via a fluid circuit so as to be circulated by means of a pump, in that magnetic particles are incorporated in the fluid in the form of a suspension, and in that at least one particle collector is arranged to be controllable outside of the capillary channels in order to concentrate the magnetic particles incorporated in the fluid in defined pipe portions of the particle collector by magnetic attraction and to decouple the magnetic particles transiently from the fluid circuit.

The invention is directed to a building envelope surface element with controllable shading. The object of finding a novel possibility for controllable shading of building envelope surface elements which permits a control without electric area electrodes and has short switching times is met according to the invention in that the fluid flows through capillary channels via a fluid circuit so as to be circulated by means of a pump, in that magnetic particles are incorporated in the fluid in the form of a suspension, and in that at least one particle collector is arranged to be controllable outside of the capillary channels in order to concentrate the magnetic particles incorporated in the fluid in defined pipe portions of the particle collector by magnetic attraction and to decouple the magnetic particles transiently from the fluid circuit.

A movable carrier auxiliary system includes at least one optical image capturing system disposed on a movable carrier, at least one warning module, and at least one displaying device. The optical image capturing system includes an image capturing module and an operation module, and has at least one lens group including at least two lenses having refractive power. The image capturing module captures and produces an environmental image surrounding the movable carrier. The operation module electrically connected to the image capturing module detects at least one lane marking in the environmental image to generate a detecting signal. The warning module electrically connected to the operation module receives the detecting signal to determine whether a moving direction of the movable carrier deviates from a lane, and generate a warning signal when the moving direction deviates from the lane. The displaying device electrically connected to the warning module displays the warning signal.

A movable carrier auxiliary system includes at least one optical image capturing system disposed on a movable carrier, at least one warning module, and at least one displaying device. The optical image capturing system includes an image capturing module and an operation module, and has at least one lens group including at least two lenses having refractive power. The image capturing module captures and produces an environmental image surrounding the movable carrier. The operation module electrically connected to the image capturing module detects at least one lane marking in the environmental image to generate a detecting signal. The warning module electrically connected to the operation module receives the detecting signal to determine whether a moving direction of the movable carrier deviates from a lane, and generate a warning signal when the moving direction deviates from the lane. The displaying device electrically connected to the warning module displays the warning signal.

Disclosed herein are a display apparatus for vehicles and a method of controlling the same. The display apparatus for vehicles includes a projection glass having a variable transmittance, a variable glass driving unit configured to adjust the transmittance of the projection glass, a projector configured to display an image on the projection glass, an image input unit configured to receive an image to be projected onto the projection glass, a mode selection unit configured to select an operation mode of the projection glass, and a control unit configured, according to the selection of the mode selection unit, to drive the variable glass driving unit to adjust the transmittance of the projection glass and to project the image, input from the image input unit, onto the projection glass through the projector.

Electro-optic (EO) devices having an EO polymer core comprising a first host polymer and a first nonlinear optical chromophore (NLOC); and a cladding comprising a second host polymer and a second NLOC, and methods of preparing the same; wherein the first NLOC has a first bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; wherein the second NLOC has a second bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; and wherein the second bridge is less conjugated than the first bridge such that the cladding has an index of refraction that is less than that of the EO polymer core, and wherein the second NLOC is present in the second host polymer in a concentration such that the cladding has a conductivity equal to or greater than at least 10% of the conductivity of the EO polymer core at a poling temperature.

Electro-optic (EO) devices having an EO polymer core comprising a first host polymer and a first nonlinear optical chromophore (NLOC); and a cladding comprising a second host polymer and a second NLOC, and methods of preparing the same; wherein the first NLOC has a first bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; wherein the second NLOC has a second bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; and wherein the second bridge is less conjugated than the first bridge such that the cladding has an index of refraction that is less than that of the EO polymer core, and wherein the second NLOC is present in the second host polymer in a concentration such that the cladding has a conductivity equal to or greater than at least 10% of the conductivity of the EO polymer core at a poling temperature.

A device having a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, includes an electrical energy source having an output voltage U, a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, and at least two supply lines, by means of which the electrical energy source and the functional element are connected. The output voltage U has an alternating voltage having a frequency f from 40 Hz to 210 Hz, a maximum amplitude U.sub.max from 24 V to 100 V, and a slope in the range of the output voltage U between 80% U.sub.max and 80% U.sub.max from 0.05*U.sub.max/100 s to 0.1*U.sub.max/100 s and in the range of the output voltage U between 80% U.sub.max and 80% U.sub.max from 0.05*U.sub.max/100 s to 0.1*U.sub.max/100 s.

A device having a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, includes an electrical energy source having an output voltage U, a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, and at least two supply lines, by means of which the electrical energy source and the functional element are connected. The output voltage U has an alternating voltage having a frequency f from 40 Hz to 210 Hz, a maximum amplitude U.sub.max from 24 V to 100 V, and a slope in the range of the output voltage U between 80% U.sub.max and 80% U.sub.max from 0.05*U.sub.max/100 s to 0.1*U.sub.max/100 s and in the range of the output voltage U between 80% U.sub.max and 80% U.sub.max from 0.05*U.sub.max/100 s to 0.1*U.sub.max/100 s.