A display device includes a substrate, a common electrode layer on the substrate where the common electrode layer includes a first common pad protruding in a second direction from a first reference side surface extending in a first direction and the second direction intersects the first direction, a driving layer between the substrate and the common electrode layer, a display layer between the driving layer and the common electrode layer, a first conductive via apart from the driving layer and between the substrate and the first common pad, and a driving chip at an opposite side of the first conductive via with reference to the driving layer.

A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel disposed on a back-light unit; and a viewing angle control unit disposed between the back-light unit and the liquid crystal panel, wherein the viewing angle control unit includes light-blocking patterns having a light-blocking material and variable patterns disposed between a first control electrode and a second control electrode, wherein the variable patterns are extended in a direction perpendicular to the light-blocking patterns, and wherein transmittance of each variable pattern is changed according to a voltage applied to the first control electrode and the second control electrode, thereby preventing a distraction of people around a user by selectively sharing a realized image.

A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel disposed on a back-light unit; and a viewing angle control unit disposed between the back-light unit and the liquid crystal panel, wherein the viewing angle control unit includes light-blocking patterns having a light-blocking material and variable patterns disposed between a first control electrode and a second control electrode, wherein the variable patterns are extended in a direction perpendicular to the light-blocking patterns, and wherein transmittance of each variable pattern is changed according to a voltage applied to the first control electrode and the second control electrode, thereby preventing a distraction of people around a user by selectively sharing a realized image.

The present invention is directed to methods of passively driving an electrophoretic display. The electrophoretic fluid comprises three types of particles wherein two types particles are charged pigment particles having opposite charge polarities and contrasting colors. The third type of particle is larger in diameter than the first and second types of particles, and is less charged than the first and second types of particles, i.e., the third particle type is substantially uncharged. The electrophoretic medium is driven with two sets of electrodes, each set comprising a number of addressable electrodes.

A composite electrophoretic display comprised of multiple, stacked, non-planar electrophoretic displays. The individual electrophoretic displays that form the composite display may be driven separately using different driving signals. The electrical connections for the individual displays may be configured to minimize the impact of the electrical connections on the overall aesthetic of the composite display.

A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel disposed on a back-light unit; and a viewing angle control unit disposed between the back-light unit and the liquid crystal panel, wherein the viewing angle control unit includes light-blocking patterns having a light-blocking material and variable patterns disposed between a first control electrode and a second control electrode, wherein the variable patterns are extended in a direction perpendicular to the light-blocking patterns, and wherein transmittance of each variable pattern is changed according to a voltage applied to the first control electrode and the second control electrode, thereby preventing a distraction of people around a user by selectively sharing a realized image.

A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel disposed on a back-light unit; and a viewing angle control unit disposed between the back-light unit and the liquid crystal panel, wherein the viewing angle control unit includes light-blocking patterns having a light-blocking material and variable patterns disposed between a first control electrode and a second control electrode, wherein the variable patterns are extended in a direction perpendicular to the light-blocking patterns, and wherein transmittance of each variable pattern is changed according to a voltage applied to the first control electrode and the second control electrode, thereby preventing a distraction of people around a user by selectively sharing a realized image.

A display device includes a substrate, a common electrode layer on the substrate where the common electrode layer includes a first common pad protruding in a second direction from a first reference side surface extending in a first direction and the second direction intersects the first direction, a driving layer between the substrate and the common electrode layer, a display layer between the driving layer and the common electrode layer, a first conductive via apart from the driving layer and between the substrate and the first common pad, and a driving chip at an opposite side of the first conductive via with reference to the driving layer.

Electrical connection between the backplane and the front electrode of an electro-optic display is provided by forming a front plane laminate (100) comprising, in order, a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer (104), a layer of electro-optic material (106), and a layer of lamination adhesive (108); forming an aperture (114) through all three layers of the front plane laminate (100); and introducing a flowable, electrically-conductive material (118) into the aperture (114), the flowable, electrically-conductive material being in electrical contact with the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer (104) and extending through the adhesive layer (108).

The present invention provides a solution for a highlight or multicolor display device, in which each display cell can display high quality color states. More specifically, an electrophoretic fluid is provided which comprises three types of pigment particles, having different levels of size, threshold voltage or charge intensity.