Embodiments are disclosed for providing a serializer and/or a deserializer with redundancy using optical modulators. An example system includes an MZM structure that comprises a first waveguide interferometer arm structure and a second waveguide interferometer arm structure. The first waveguide interferometer arm structure comprises a first segmented electrode associated with at least a first electrode and a second electrode. The second waveguide interferometer arm structure comprises a second segmented electrode associated with at least a third electrode and a fourth electrode. The MZM structure is configured to convert an optical input signal into an optical output signal through application of a digital data signal to the first electrode and the third electrode, and application of a redundant digital data signal to the second electrode and the fourth electrode.

A gain medium is pumped by a source. An optical wave passes through a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that comprises: a substrate comprising Silicon, a plurality of photonic structures, an input port coupling an optical wave into a waveguide formed in the PIC, and an output port coupling an optical wave out of a waveguide formed in the PIC. Propagation of an optical wave circulating around a closed path of a laser ring cavity is limited using an optical isolator such that, when the pump source exceeds a lasing threshold, the optical wave propagates in a single direction through the gain medium and the PIC. From output coupler, an output that is provided that comprises a fraction of the power of an optical wave that is incident upon the output coupler, and remaining power of the optical wave is redirected around the closed path of the laser ring cavity. The fraction can be greater than 0.5.

An optical device includes a thin film Lithium Niobate (LN) layer, a first optical waveguide, and a second optical waveguide. The thin film LN layer is an X-cut or a Y-cut LN layer. The first optical waveguide is an optical waveguide that is formed on the thin film LN layer along a direction that is substantially perpendicular to a Z direction of a crystal axis of the thin film LN layer. The second optical waveguide is an optical waveguide that is routed and connected to the first optical waveguide. At least a part of a core of the first optical waveguide is made thicker than a core of the second optical waveguide.

Apparatus and method for transferring data in a data storage system, such as but not limited to a hard disc drive (HDD). An optical link is provided between an analog front end (AFE) of a data storage device controller circuit (SOC) and a preamplifier/driver circuit (preamp) mounted to a rotary actuator to transfer an analog domain signal. A selected component is extracted from the signal using a modulation element such as a micro-resonance ring (MRR) or a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Modulation (MZM) device. The extracted component is forwarded to a processing circuit to facilitate a transfer of data between a local memory and a non-volatile memory (NVM). The optical link includes a flexible portion in a flex circuit affixed to the rotary actuator and which supports the preamp. Multiplexed read, write, and power control signals are concurrently transmitted via the optical link. The link can concurrently service multiple head-disc assemblies (HDAs).

A laminate (22) is formed on a semiconductor substrate (10). Two or more grooves (54) are formed in the laminate (22). A mesa (24) with two grooves among the two or more grooves (54) positioned on both sides is formed. An insulating resin film (30) is embedded into the two or more grooves (54). A first opening (32) is formed at the insulating resin film (30) embedded in one of the two or more grooves (54) and an electrode (46) extracted upward from a bottom surface (36) is formed. A first side surface (34) of the insulating resin film (30) is inclined in a forward tapered direction.

Provided is an optical modulator manufacturing method capable of determining the quality of an optical modulator having MMI waveguides and realizing improvement in yield during manufacturing. Here, in waveguide fabrication processes, hard mask material deposition, soft mask material application, exposure, and hard mask fabrication are executed, and then in hard mask width length measurement, the hard mask width for fabricating the MMI waveguide is measured at one or more locations. In hard mask width quality determination based on machine learning results, the quality of optical characteristics of the chip is predicted and determined in advance, based on sample data created in advance by analyzing a relationship between the hard mask width and optical characteristics of the optical modulator, depending on whether the hard mask width is present in a permissible range of the sample data. Depending on the result of the above-mentioned determination the mask fabrication is redone.

A differential phase modulation Mach-Zehnder optical modulator includes a first phase modulation unit and a second phase modulation unit; an optical interference circuit that receives a polarized clock pulse train that was modulated by the differential phase modulation Mach-Zehnder optical modulator, and allows a predetermined interaction in the Ising model to occur at a period corresponding to the N pulses of the polarized clock pulse train; and a multiplexer/demultiplexer that receives the N initialization optical pulses that create a neutral state with respect to interactions between the elements and receives an output light pulse train from the optical interference circuit, couples the initialization optical pulses with output of the optical interference circuit, demultiplexes the initialization optical pulses and the output light pulse train, outputs a demultiplexed first phase modulation signal to the first phase modulation unit, and outputs a demultiplexed second phase modulation signal to a delay unit.

A computing apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: an input port to receive a first optical signal; a matrix calculation unit having a transmission matrix and configured to use the transmission matrix to process the first optical signal to obtain a second optical signal, where the second optical signal has a complex amplitude, and the transmission matrix is a unitary matrix M′; a real part obtaining unit optically coupled to the matrix calculation unit and configured to obtain, from the second optical signal, a third optical signal representing a real part of a complex amplitude of the second optical signal; and an output port configured to output an optical signal.

In an optical transmitter having an electro-optic modulator with first child MZI and a second child MZI nested to form a parent MZI, and a processor that controls the bias voltages of electro-optic modulator. In the first section of a control loop, the processor simultaneously superimposes different dither signals onto the first bias voltage of the first child MZI and 1.0 the second bias voltage of the second child MZI, and extracts the first phase error information for the first child MZI and the first-round third phase error for the parent MZI from a first monitoring result. In the second section of the control loop, the processor simultaneously superimposes different dither signals onto the first and second bias voltages, and extracts the second phase error information for the second child MZI and the second-round third phase error for the parent MZI from a second monitoring result.

A compact optical device, such as an optical transmitter or transceiver, including a folded configuration, where an optical signal generated by a laser source propagates in a first direction, then is redirected in an orthogonal direction, and then redirected again to propagate in a second direction opposite the first direction. In accordance with the folded configuration, the optical signal from the laser source is coupled to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulator that includes a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) waveguide coupled to a radio frequency (RF) transmission line to produce an RF signal modulated optical signal for remote transmission.