An optical device includes a first substrate with a first surface spreading in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, a second substrate with a second surface facing the first surface, a film bonded to the first surface and/or the second surface through a siloxane bond, and at least one optical guide layer positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, the optical guide layer including a dielectric member in contact with the film and guiding light in the first direction and/or the second direction.

Provided are an optical modulation device, a method of operating the same, and an apparatus including the optical modulation device. The optical modulation device may include a mirror area, a nano-antenna area, and an active area located between the mirror area and the nano-antenna area, and a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes for changing physical properties of the active area may intersect each other to form a cross-point array structure. The plurality of first electrodes may be included in the mirror area or may be provided separately from the mirror area. The plurality of second electrodes may be included in the nano-antenna area and may be provided separately from the nano-antenna area.

A LIDAR system includes a demultiplexer that separates an outgoing LIDAR signal into multiple LIDAR output signals that each carries a different channel and the different channels are each at a different wavelength. The system also includes a beam distributor that receives each of the LIDAR output signals. The beam distributor directs the received LIDAR output signals such that different LIDAR output signals travel away from the beam distributor in different directions.

The present invention relates to a light phased array antenna and a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) including the same. The present invention provides a light phased array antenna including: a light distributing unit configured to receive light from a laser generator and distribute the received light to a plurality of antenna element waveguides; a phase modulating unit configured to modulate a phase of light propagated through the antenna element waveguides by applying an electric field to the plurality of antenna element waveguides; and a light output unit configured to output light modulated in the phase modulating unit, in which the light distributing unit, the phase modulating unit, and the light output unit include a base part and an optical waveguide provided on the base part and including the plurality of antenna element waveguides, and a LiDAR including the same.

An optical phased array (OPA) photonic integrated chip includes a plurality of array elements, a plurality of phase shifters, a plurality of combiners, and an edge coupler configured to couple to a single mode waveguide. The plurality of phase shifters includes a layer of phase shifters that has a phase shifter connected to each array element in the plurality of array elements. The plurality of combiners is configured to connect the plurality of phase shifters to the edge coupler. The plurality of combiners includes a first combiner that has a first output that is connected to a second combiner or the edge coupler, and a second output of the first combiner is connected to a photodetector. An in-phase light portion at the first combiner is output through the first output, and an out-of-phase light portion at the first combiner is output through the second output.

An optical aperture system is provided that includes a photonic integrated circuit. The photonic integrated circuit includes a plurality of apertures, a plurality of optical phase shifters coupled to respective apertures of the plurality of apertures, an optical splitter-combiner coupled to the plurality of optical phase shifters, an optical switch coupled to the optical splitter-combiner, a light source coupled to the optical switch, and a photodetector coupled to the optical switch. The optical aperture system further includes a controller configured to execute a first set of instructions to control the plurality of optical phase shifters and the light source in accordance with a first operating mode of a plurality of operating modes of the optical aperture system, and a processor configured to execute a second set of instructions to process an output of the photodetector in accordance with the first operating mode of the optical aperture system.

A system includes a radiation source and a phased array. The phased array includes optical elements, waveguides and phase modulators. The phased array generates a beam of radiation. The optical elements radiate radiation waves. The waveguides guide radiation from the radiation source to the optical elements. The phase modulators adjust phases of the radiation waves such that the radiation waves accumulate to form the beam. An amount of incoherence of the beam is based on randomization of the phases.

A liquid crystal (LC) beam steerer includes a waveguide apparatus with a waveguide having a high-index core in contact with a variable-index liquid crystal (LC) cladding, wherein a voltage applied to the LC cladding is effective to steer a beam of light passing through the high-index core. Measuring the bulk birefringence and/or the capacitance characteristics of the LC can facilitate beam steering.

Methods of manufacturing and operating a monolithically integrated optical phase array (OPA) chip device, and the device itself. A three-dimensional (3-D) integrated optical phase array (OPA) chip device. A system of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics integrated with a three-dimensional integrated optical array chip device. A method of three-dimension photonic integration to improve optical power in optical phase arrays.

Aspects of the disclosure provide a system and method used for time-of-flight lidar applications. Such systems and methods include a laser and pulse clipper which produces a shuttering effect to reduce the instantaneous output power from the pulse clipper. Accordingly the output from the pulse clipper is more suitable for time-of-flight lidar applications than that initially produced by the laser. This can allow for lasers which may otherwise exceed eye safety limits to be used for time-of-flight lidar applications without exceeding the eye safety limits.