[Problem to Be Solved] The present invention provides an optical element including a coating film in which the occurrence of cracks is prevented.

[Solution] Provided is an optical element including: an optical crystal; and an antireflection film coating the surface of the optical crystal; in which optical element the antireflection film contains an organic compound.

A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate; and a backlight unit including a light source. An outermost surface of the liquid crystal panel on the backlight unit side is a surface of a protective film included in the polarizing plate, an outermost surface of the backlight unit on the liquid crystal panel side is a surface of a diffusion member, and where an arithmetic mean roughness measured on an outermost surface of the liquid crystal panel on the backlight unit side is Ra1, a pencil hardness is P1, an arithmetic mean roughness measured on an outermost surface of the backlight unit on the liquid crystal panel side is Ra2, and a pencil hardness is P2, Expression 1: 33 nm<Ra1<135 nm, Expression 2: Ra2<15 nm, and Expression 3: P1<P2 are satisfied.

A protection member is disposed on a curved part of a housing having a desired curvature between a first display panel and a second display panel, thus the protection member is deformed along with the curvature of the curved part and curved. The curvature of the curved part formed in the housing has a plurality of curvatures.

Apparatus for generating ultraviolet (UV) pulsed laser-radiation for material-processing includes a laser-source providing infrared (IR) pulsed laser-radiation and a frequency-conversion module. A lithium tetraborate (Li.sub.2B.sub.4O.sub.7) crystal located within the frequency-conversion module converts the IR pulsed laser-radiation to UV pulsed laser-radiation by non-linear harmonic generation. The frequency-conversion module is an airtight enclosure that may be evacuated or contain a dry gas. A flexible optical fiber-assembly transports the IR pulsed laser-radiation from the laser-source to the frequency-conversion module.

A laser source includes a first laser device configured to generate a first laser beam having a first wavelength, a second laser device configured to generate a second laser beam having a second wavelength, which is different from the first wavelength, and a non-linear crystal configured to receive simultaneously the first and second laser beams and to generate a third laser beam that has a third wavelength, which is larger than each of the first and second wavelengths. The non-linear crystal has a length and a width, and a variable poling period is distributed across the width so that the third wavelength varies within a given wavelength range based on an incident position of the first and second laser beams along the width of the non-linear crystal.

The disclosure provides a backlight module includes a light guide plate and a light source device configured to provide light to the light guide plate. The light source device includes a circuit board and a LED lamp electrically connected to the circuit board. The LED lamp is external to the light guide plate and at a lateral surface of the light guide plate. The circuit board is parallel to the light guide plate with a portion pressed on another lateral surface of the light guide plate. The disclosure provides a display device includes a frame and a liquid crystal display screen and the backlight module installed on the frame. The reflective film and the circuit board share a part of room for thickness, so the thickness of the backlight module is reduced and the module is thinned.

Systems and methods for shifting a position of one or more optical elements are disclosed. In an embodiment, a system may include a housing having a chamber formed therein, at least one non-linear crystal disposed in the chamber, the non-linear crystal configured to receive at least one incident signal and to convert a wavelength of at least a portion of the incident signal, and at least one shape memory alloy element disposed such that thermal or electrical energy applied to the shape memory alloy causes movement of the non-linear crystal.

Systems and methods for shifting a position of one or more optical elements are disclosed. In an embodiment, a system may include a housing having a chamber formed therein, at least one non-linear crystal disposed in the chamber, the non-linear crystal configured to receive at least one incident signal and to convert a wavelength of at least a portion of the incident signal, and at least one shape memory alloy element disposed such that thermal or electrical energy applied to the shape memory alloy causes movement of the non-linear crystal.

To suppress discoloration of a polarizing plate under high-temperature environments, provided is a photocurable resin composition for use in a cured resin layer of an image display device having an image display member, the cured resin layer, and a light transmitting member, in this order, the image display member including a polarizing plate. The photocurable resin composition has a water vapor transmission rate of 400 g/m.sup.2/day or more after curing, at a thickness of 0.3 mm, and under a 40 C. and 90% relative humidity environment.

A first electrode, a first insulating film, a second electrode, a second insulating film, and a pixel electrode are formed on a one surface side of a first substrate of an electro-optical device. The second electrode is electrically connected [to the first electrode] via a first contact hole that penetrates the first insulating film. The second electrode and the second insulating film configure a continuous flat surface, which is the surface on the opposite side to the first substrate, and the pixel electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode. Of the second insulating film, since an inside section positioned inside a concave portion caused by the first contact hole is connected to an outside section provided on the outside of the concave portion, peeling of the inside section is unlikely to occur