A wavelength conversion system including: A. a first nonlinear optical crystal to which first pulsed laser light having a first polarization state and a first wavelength and second pulsed laser light having a second polarization state and a second wavelength are inputted and which is configured to output in response to the input the second pulsed laser light and first sum frequency light having the second polarization state and a third wavelength produced by sum frequency mixing of the first wavelength with the second wavelength; and B. a second nonlinear optical crystal to which the first sum frequency light and the second pulsed laser light outputted from the first nonlinear optical crystal are inputted and which is configured to output in response to the input third pulsed laser light having a fourth wavelength.

Provided are a carbon isotope analysis device high in partial pressure of carbon dioxide isotope in gas sent into as optical resonator, and high in sensitivity performance and analytical accuracy, and an analysis method by use of the carbon isotope analysis device. A carbon isotope analysis device including a carbon dioxide isotope generator provided with a combustion unit that generates gas containing carbon dioxide isotope from carbon isotope, and a carbon dioxide isotope purifying unit; a spectrometer including an optical resonator having a pair of mirrors, and a photodetector that determines intensity of light transmitted from the optical resonator; a carbon dioxide trap including a cooler for freezing the carbon dioxide isotope, the carbon dioxide trap being disposed between the carbon dioxide isotope generator and the spectrometer; and a light generator.

An optical frequency mixing module is described that comprises a nonlinear medium for frequency mixing the photons of one or more input optical fields to generate an output optical field; a nonlinear medium tuner for automatically phase matching the nonlinear medium to the one or more input optical fields to select the wavelength of the output optical field generated by the nonlinear medium; and a first direction correcting optic. The position of the first direction correcting optic relative to the nonlinear medium is dependent upon the selected wavelength of the output optical field and therefore ensures that the position and angle of propagation of this field remains constant and independent of its wavelength of. The optical frequency mixing modules therefore provides a means for automatically selecting the wavelength of the output field with no deviation being imparted onto the position or angle of propagation of the output field.

A doubly resonant electro-optic converter is provided. An optical resonator and a microwave resonator are disposed such that fields from the two resonators can interact in an electro-optic active medium. The optical resonator is a planar photonic crystal optical resonator, and the microwave resonator is at least partially superconducting in operation. The active medium has a second order nonlinearity capable of generating a sum frequency signal and/or a difference frequency signal from the optical and microwave fields. The resulting structure has both quantum and classical applications.

A wavelength conversion apparatus and a wavelength conversion method that can stably output wavelength converted light for a long time are provided. A wavelength conversion apparatus 100 according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a casing 10, a wavelength conversion element 25 disposed inside the casing 10 and configured to convert a wavelength of incident light and output light with the converted wavelength, a first port 11 that introduces a first gas containing 99.9% or more of a nitrogen gas inside the casing 10, and a second port 12 that introduces a second gas containing 1% or more of an oxygen gas.

The present invention extends the resolution capability for shaping optical pulses on laser systems from the current state of the art resolution of 250 ps to 1 ps by utilizing a hybrid of EOM and spectral shaping technologies. In one embodiment, a short pulse derived from a mode-locked laser oscillator is dispersed using a dispersive stretcher to about 250 ps, providing a linear mapping of spectrum to time. A typical spectral shaper is used to directly write the desired temporal pattern in the spectral domain to produce a crudely patterned waveform that may also suffer from chirp. The chirp is removed by a process known as difference frequency generation by mixing it with a pulse derived from an equally chirped frequency-doubled pump in an optical parametric amplifier. The pattern is then focused in time, which is accomplished in one embodiment by propagating the pattern through a dispersive element.

An optical communication device includes an excitation light source that outputs excitation light, a multiplexer that multiplexes signal light and the excitation light outputted from the excitation light source, a first nonlinear optical medium into which the multiplexed excitation light and the signal light are inputted, and a second nonlinear optical medium that is coupled to the first nonlinear optical medium in series and has an optical property different from that of the first nonlinear optical medium.

A pump beam (12) is pre-tilted by subjecting the pump beam to pulse-front-tilting, the thus obtained tilted-pulse-front pump beam is then coupled into the nonlinear optical medium. THz radiation is generated in the optical medium by nonlinear optical processes, in particular by optical rectification, by the pump beam. A pulse-front-tilt of the pump beam satisfying the velocity matching condition of v.sub.p,cs cos()=v.sub.THz,f is induced as a sum of a plurality of pulse-front-tilts separately induced as a partial pulse-front-tilt of the pump beam in subsequent steps. The last step of pulse-front-tilting of the pump beam is performed by coupling the pump beam into the nonlinear optical medium through a stair-step structure (40) formed in an entry surface (51) of the nonlinear optical medium which forms an angle () of a given non-zero size with an exit surface (52) of said nonlinear optical medium.

A THz laser source includes a first generator suitable for emitting at least one first light emission and one second light emission of frequencies that are multiples of a first reference frequency; a second generator suitable for emitting at least one first light emission and one second light emission of frequencies that are multiples of a second reference frequency different from the first reference frequency; the THz laser source furthermore comprises a nonlinear crystal suitable for forming, from the first light emissions emitted by each of the first and second generators, a THz light emission generated by difference-frequency generation, of frequency comprised between 0.3 THz and 10 THz; and at least one first frequency-stabilizing module allowing the frequency of one of the second emissions emitted by one of the first and second generators to be stabilized to an atomic transition.

A frequency conversion device, including a source of a pump beam of electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength, and an array of mutually spaced semiconductor islands composed of at least one III-V semiconductor compound and configured so that the pump beam of electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength incident upon the semiconductor islands and electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength incident upon the semiconductor islands cause the semiconductor islands to emit electromagnetic radiation of a third wavelength different to the first and second wavelengths by at least one of a sum frequency generation process and a difference frequency generation process; wherein the semiconductor islands are supported by a transparent support such that the support is substantially transparent to radiation of the third wavelength, wherein at least the radiation of the third wavelength passes through the transparent support.