An optical system is provided, including a light source, a light shape adjusting element, a light guiding module, and a driving assembly. The light source emits a light beam in a first direction, and the light shape adjusting element changes a cross-section of the light beam from a first shape to a second shape. The light guiding module includes a base and a light guiding element connected to the base for changing the propagation direction of the light beam from the first direction to a second direction. The driving assembly drives the light guiding element to move relative to the base.

An optical system is provided, including a light source, a light shape adjusting element, a light guiding module, and a driving assembly. The light source emits a light beam in a first direction, and the light shape adjusting element changes a cross-section of the light beam from a first shape to a second shape. The light guiding module includes a base and a light guiding element connected to the base for changing the propagation direction of the light beam from the first direction to a second direction. The driving assembly drives the light guiding element to move relative to the base.

An optical system is provided, including a holder, a fixed module, a driving assembly, and a first resilient member. The holder is used for holding an optical element that defines an optical axis. The fixed module is movably connected to the holder and has a housing and a base connected to the housing. The base has a bottom surface parallel to the optical axis and a first pillar forming a first surface that is not parallel to the optical axis. The driving assembly drives the holder to move relative to the fixed module. The first resilient member is disposed on the first surface and movably connects the holder with the fixed module.

An optical system is provided, including a holder, a fixed module, a driving assembly, and a first resilient member. The holder is used for holding an optical element that defines an optical axis. The fixed module is movably connected to the holder and has a housing and a base connected to the housing. The base has a bottom surface parallel to the optical axis and a first pillar forming a first surface that is not parallel to the optical axis. The driving assembly drives the holder to move relative to the fixed module. The first resilient member is disposed on the first surface and movably connects the holder with the fixed module.

A variable aperture device is described that includes a casing, a base with a light transmission hole, conductive terminals on the base, a terminal connecting portion, a shape memory metal wire, a movable portion, and a driven portion for forming an aperture together with the movable portion. One end of the shape memory metal wire is connected to the terminal connecting portion and the movable portion is connected to the base via a first rotating shaft. A side of the movable portion far from the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft is connected to other end of the shape memory metal wire. A side of the movable portion near the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft is connected to an elastic structure of the terminal connecting portion and the terminal connecting portion is attached to the conductive terminal.

A variable aperture device is described that includes a casing, a base with a light transmission hole, conductive terminals on the base, a terminal connecting portion, a shape memory metal wire, a movable portion, and a driven portion for forming an aperture together with the movable portion. One end of the shape memory metal wire is connected to the terminal connecting portion and the movable portion is connected to the base via a first rotating shaft. A side of the movable portion far from the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft is connected to other end of the shape memory metal wire. A side of the movable portion near the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft is connected to an elastic structure of the terminal connecting portion and the terminal connecting portion is attached to the conductive terminal.

A driving mechanism is provided, including a movable portion, a fixed portion and a driving assembly. The movable portion is movable relative to the fixed portion. The driving assembly drives the movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion. The driving assembly includes a biasing element generating a driving force, and a first electrical connection portion electrically connected to the biasing element. The biasing element is clamped at a first position of the first electrical connection portion by a first clamping force, and the biasing element is clamped at a second position of the first electrical connection portion by a second clamping force The first clamping force is different from the second clamping force.

A driving mechanism is provided, including a movable portion, a fixed portion and a driving assembly. The movable portion is movable relative to the fixed portion. The driving assembly drives the movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion. The driving assembly includes a biasing element generating a driving force, and a first electrical connection portion electrically connected to the biasing element. The biasing element is clamped at a first position of the first electrical connection portion by a first clamping force, and the biasing element is clamped at a second position of the first electrical connection portion by a second clamping force The first clamping force is different from the second clamping force.

A focal-plane shutter for electronic front curtain scanning allows blades to move in two directions across the opening in a balanced manner, rather than in one direction. The focal-plane shutter for electronic front curtain scanning includes a base plate having an opening, a first blade movable in a first direction to close the opening, a second blade movable in a second direction to close the opening and opposite to the first direction in which the first blade is movable, a first urging member that urges the first blade in the first direction to close the opening, and a second urging member that urges the second blade in the second direction to close the opening.

A focal-plane shutter for electronic front curtain scanning allows blades to move in two directions across the opening in a balanced manner, rather than in one direction. The focal-plane shutter for electronic front curtain scanning includes a base plate having an opening, a first blade movable in a first direction to close the opening, a second blade movable in a second direction to close the opening and opposite to the first direction in which the first blade is movable, a first urging member that urges the first blade in the first direction to close the opening, and a second urging member that urges the second blade in the second direction to close the opening.