Various embodiments relate to forming particles using undercooled metal particles in response to focused low power laser light. Particle growth can be initiated by utilizing the metastable and liquid nature of the particles, allowing for surface instability promoted by the laser light to induce liquid flow to translate to a neighboring particle. This event can cascade radially leading to accumulation of the liquid metal at the epicenter. The grown solidified particle size can be varied by using different power, exposure time, or working distance. Once the liquid has accumulated into a single region, it eventually solidifies either through homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation to give a solid particle of larger size than the original. Such a method can be used to print patterns on a surface in four dimensions, where the fourth dimension (4D) is attained through gradient in size of the particles made. Additional systems and methods are disclosed.

A method for synthesizing and simultaneously depositing and coating one or more layers of mixed metals to obtain one or more layers of high entropy alloys (HEAs) includes depositing a first metal precursor ink and drying the first metal precursor ink to obtain a first precursor film layer, applying a laser-direct writing (LDW) with pulsed laser source to the first precursor film layer to obtain a first layer of HEA, and rinsing the first layer of HEA with water to remove un-sintered precursor film to obtain one or more layers of HEAs. The first layer of HEA has a first metal corresponding to the first metal precursor. The one or more layers of HEAs includes a predetermined pattern of one or more layers, and the one or more layers may have a single metal or multiple metals.

A method for processing print data defining a pattern to be printed comprises obtaining (S10) of vector print data for the pattern to be printed. The vector print data is divided (S12) into vector print data of scan strips, wherein each scan strip is associated with a scan velocity. A skew transformation of the vector print data is performed (S14) in each scan strip. The skew transformation is performed in a direction opposite to respective scan velocity and with a magnitude proportional to a magnitude of the scan velocity. A method for printing a pattern, a device for processing print data and a printing device according to the same principles are also disclosed.

Techniques for making fluid flow devices are described. The technique is based on radiation-induced conversion of a radiation-sensitive substance from a first state to a second state. With adjustment of the radiation parameters such as power and scan speed we can control the depths of barriers that are formed within a substrate which can produce 3D flow paths. We have used this depth-variable patterning protocol for stacking and sealing of multilayer substrates, for assembly of backing layers for two-dimensional (2D) lateral flow devices and for fabrication of 3D devices. Since the 3D flow paths can be formed via a single laser-writing process by controlling the patterning parameters, this is a distinct improvement over other methods that require multiple complicated and repetitive assembly procedures.

A gas laser apparatus may include a chamber filled with a laser gas; a window provided in the chamber and through which a laser beam passes; an optical path tube connected to the chamber to surround a position of the window in the chamber; a heated gas supply port configured to supply a heated purge gas into a closed space including a space in the optical path tube; and an exhaust port configured to exhaust a gas in the closed space.

An optical system and a method for producing it is disclosed. The optical system has at least two separate optical components and an optical connection between them. In the inventive method, first and second optical component are provided, each having respective beam profiles. An arrangement of the first and second optical components and the form and target position of at least one beam-shaping element are specified. The beam-shaping element is produced using a three-dimensional direct-writing lithography method in situ at the target position to thereby obtain an optical component supplemented by the beam-shaping element. The supplemented optical component is placed and fixed on common base plate to thereby obtain the optical system. The optical systems produced with the present method can be used in optical data transfer, measurement technology and sensors, life sciences and medical technology, or optical signal processing.

According to one embodiment, a scanning light measuring apparatus includes a support table, a light-emission control circuit, a light-receiving element, a moving mechanism, and a measurement control circuit. An optical unit is placed on the support table. The optical unit has a synchronous detection sensor that forms scanning light and detects the scanning light. The light-emission control circuit controls the light-emission time of the scanning light. The light-receiving element receives the scanning light. The moving mechanism supports the light-receiving element so as to be movable in a main scanning direction and a rotation direction around an axis orthogonal to the main scanning direction and an optical axis direction of the scanning light. The measurement control circuit moves the light-receiving element in the main scanning direction by the moving mechanism, scans the light-receiving element with the scanning light, acquires an output of the light-receiving element, and measures a scanning light diameter.

The present invention belongs to the field of functional materials, and particularly relates to a directly printable image recording material, a preparation method and application thereof. The image recording material comprises 25 to 78.8 parts by mass of a photopolymerizable monomer, 0.2 to 5 parts by mass of a photoinitiator, 20 to 70 parts by mass of an inert component, and 0.05 to 2 parts by mass of a thermal polymerization inhibitor, and has an initial viscosity of 200 to 800 mPa.Math.s. The photopolymerizable monomer includes a thiol monomer and an olefin monomer, at least one of which is a silicon-based monomer with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as a silicon core. By introducing a POSS-based thiol or olefin monomer into the photopolymerizable monomer in combination with other material components, the recording material is allowed to have an initial viscosity of 200 to 800 mPa.Math.s, and meanwhile, the low thermal conductivity characteristic of the POSS-based photopolymerizable monomer is utilized, so that image storage quality is ensured, continuous industrial production of the image recording material is achieved, the process cost is reduced and the production efficiency is improved.

A calibration system includes: an exposure head support part that supports an exposure head so that a beam for exposure is incident on an exposure region on the substrate at the time of exposure; a sensor unit including an optical sensor; a sensor unit support part that supports the sensor unit so that, at the time of exposure, a light-receiving surface of the optical sensor is parallel to an exposure surface in the exposure region and the sensor unit support part is installed slidably relative to the exposure head support part; a movement mechanism that moves the exposure head support part and the sensor unit support part; and a control part that moves, at the time of calibration, the exposure head support part and the sensor unit support part so as to arrange the light-receiving surface at a position corresponding to the exposure surface.

An optical system and a method for producing it is disclosed. The optical system has at least two separate optical components and an optical connection between them. In the inventive method, first and second optical component are provided, each having respective beam profiles. An arrangement of the first and second optical components and the form and target position of at least one beam-shaping element are specified. The beam-shaping element is produced using a three-dimensional direct-writing lithography method in situ at the target position to thereby obtain an optical component supplemented by the beam-shaping element. The supplemented optical component is placed and fixed on common base plate to thereby obtain the optical system. The optical systems produced with the present method can be used in optical data transfer, measurement technology and sensors, life sciences and medical technology, or optical signal processing.