A photoconductive drum includes an elongated support element with a shaped charge generation layer. The layer extends from the support element at a single thickness along about two-thirds of a length thereof. Thicker charge generation portions provides denser optical densities compared to thinner portions allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. A charge transport layer overcoats the charge generation layer. Optionally, an oxidation layer underlies the charge generation layer as does a protective overcoat overlying the charge transport layer.

The present invention aims to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in abrasion resistance and electrical properties, which uses polymers excellent in surface-active functions such as fluororesin dispersibility and electrical properties, and relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which contains a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (A1), provided that the definitions of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, R.sup.11 to R.sup.16 in Formula (A1), and R.sup.21 in Formula (A2) are shown in the specification ##STR00001##

A system and method of additively manufacturing a part including electrically conductive or static dissipating fluorine-containing polymers. The method includes depositing fluorine-containing polymer additive manufacturing material onto a build platform, selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material, and curing the selectively cross-linked portions such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating.

There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer and a protective layer containing a cured product obtained by curing a curable compound, which are sequentially disposed on the conductive support. The photoreceptor has a Martens hardness of 255 N/mm.sup.2 or more. The photosensitive layer contains at least a hole transport material (HTM), and an energy difference between a HOMO level and a LUMO level of the hole transport material (HTM) is greater than 3.6 eV and 4.0 eV or less.

Provided an electrophotographic electro-conductive member that can stably suppress an occurrence of fogging in an electrophotographic image. The member comprises a support having an electro-conductive outer surface, and an electro-conductive layer on the outer surface of the support, the electro-conductive layer having a matrix including a cross-linked product of a first rubber, and domains dispersed in the matrix, the domains each includes a cross-linked product of a second rubber and an electro-conductive particle, at least some of the domains is exposed to the outer surface of the electro-conductive member to constitute protrusions on an outer surface of the member, the outer surface of the electro-conductive member is constituted by the matrix and the domains exposed to the outer surface of the electrophotographic electro-conductive member, the electrophotographic electro-conductive member has an impedance of 1.0×10.sup.3Ω or more and 1.0×10.sup.8Ω or less, and some of the domains satisfy two specific requirements.

Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor, which is excellent in abrasion resistance and scratch resistance, has excellent electrical characteristics, and is capable of inhibiting an image defect, a manufacturing method of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a process cartridge, and an electrophotographic apparatus. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a copolymer of a composition which contains resin particles containing fluorine atoms, a charge transport compound having 2 or more polymerizable functional groups, a compound represented by General Formula (1), and a resin having a structure represented by General Formula (2) and a structure represented by General Formula (3). The polymerizable functional groups t are independently selected from an acryloyloxy group and a methacryloyloxy group, and a content of the compound represented by General Formula (1) in the composition is 0.10% by mass or more. ##STR00001##

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoating layer, and a photosensitive layer. The undercoating layer that is provided on the conductive substrate and includes a binder resin and a charge transporting material. The binder resin includes a resin obtained by polymerizing a diallyl phthalate compound. The photosensitive layer that is provided on the undercoating layer.

Provided an electrophotographic electro-conductive member that can stably suppress an occurrence of fogging in an electrophotographic image. The member comprises a support having an electro-conductive outer surface, and an electro-conductive layer on the outer surface of the support, the electro-conductive layer having a matrix including a cross-linked product of a first rubber, and domains dispersed in the matrix, the domains each includes a cross-linked product of a second rubber and an electro-conductive particle, at least some of the domains is exposed to the outer surface of the electro-conductive member to constitute protrusions on an outer surface of the member, the outer surface of the electro-conductive member is constituted by the matrix and the domains exposed to the outer surface of the electrophotographic electro-conductive member, the electrophotographic electro-conductive member has an impedance of 1.0×10.sup.3Ω or more and 1.0×10.sup.8Ω or less, and some of the domains satisfy two specific requirements.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoating layer that is disposed on the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer that is disposed on the undercoating layer, in which the undercoating layer contains at least one perinone compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by Formulas (1) and (2), and at least one acceptor compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula (3) to (15) which are shown in the specification. ##STR00001##

Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a charge transport layer and a protective layer sequentially laminated on a conductive support, wherein the protective layer contains a cured product of a composition containing a charge transport compound having a chain polymerizable functional group; the charge transport layer and the protective layer are continuously laminated with intervening a mixed layer therebetween in which components of both layers of the charge transport layer and the protective layer are compatible; and the mixed layer has a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 μm.