An image forming apparatus (1) includes a photosensitive drum (50), a cleaning blade (81), and a drive mechanism (90). The cleaning blade (81) is in pressed contact with a circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum (50). The drive mechanism (90) causes one of the photosensitive drum (50) and the cleaning blade (81) to reciprocate in a rotational axis direction (D) of the photosensitive drum (50). The drive mechanism (90) for example causes the photosensitive drum (50) to reciprocate in the rotational axis direction (D). The photosensitive drum (50) includes a photosensitive layer (85). An outermost layer of the photosensitive layer (85) contains a plurality of particles.

To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member being excellent in abrasion resistance and having good electrical characteristics. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymerized product of a hole transporting compound having a specified structure and a compound having a specified structure.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed thereover, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a compound represented by general formula (1) and palladium, the photosensitive layer having a palladium content of 0.01-50 ppm. ##STR00001##

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer with a hexagonal boron nitride dispersed therein. The hexagonal boron nitride has a graphitization index (GI) of at least 3.0 and less than 15.0.

In a positively chargeable single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member, a photosensitive layer contains at least a hole transport material, and particles of a first resin. A compound represented by general formula (1) is contained as the hole transport material. In the general formula (1), R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 2 and no greater than 4. R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 4. Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 20. At least one of Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 represents an optionally substituted aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 20. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge transport substance, a binder resin, and a compound which has a molecular weight of equal to or less than 350, and is represented by General Formula (1).

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can suppress a ghost image while keeping its sensitivity satisfactory. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an intermediate layer on the support, and a photosensitive layer on the intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer contains a compound having a specific structure.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer which contains an electric charge generating material and an electric charge transport material, wherein a layer configuring a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a resin binder, and conductive particles A and B dispersed in the resin binder, the conductive particles A have a single peak and volume resistance ρ1, the conductive particles B have a single peak and volume resistance ρ2, when a particle diameter of the conductive particles A is set to d1, and a particle diameter of the conductive particles B is set to d2, Expression (1) is satisfied, and when the volume resistance of the conductive particles A is set to ρ1, and the volume resistance of the conductive particles B is set to ρ2, Expression (2) is satisfied:

4×d2≦d1≦20×d2  (1)

10×ρ1<ρ2  (2)

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a hole transporting layer containing a polyester resin having a structural unit expressed by formula (1) as a hole transporting substance.

Provided is a photoconductor including a conductive support, an intermediate layer containing metal oxide particles, and a photoconductive layer. The intermediate layer and the photoconductive layer are provided over the conductive support in the order of reciting. An elastic power (We/Wt value) of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 20.0% but less than 35.0%. A Martens hardness (HM) of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 350 [N/mm.sup.2] but less than 450 [N/mm.sup.2].