Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can suppress a ghost image while keeping its sensitivity satisfactory. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an intermediate layer on the support, and a photosensitive layer on the intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer contains a compound having a specific structure.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an undercoat layer that includes metal oxide particles and a compound having at least three hydroxyl groups and a carbonyl or dicarbonyl group.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a hole transporting layer containing a polyester resin having a structural unit expressed by formula (1) as a hole transporting substance.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer in this order. The photosensitive layer contains a chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal represented by formula (1) in which at least one organic compound selected from N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide is contained. The content of the organic compound contained in the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal represented by the formula (1) is 0.10 mass % or more and 0.80 mass % or less based on a content of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal represented by the formula (1).

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, and a residual potential VL.sub.1 at a point at which an exposure amount for forming a latent image is 0.3 μJ/cm.sup.2 is equal to or lower than 130 V when an initial surface potential V0 is set to +700 V, exposure with monochromatic light of 780 nm is performed and measurement is performed by a dynamic method.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer of a single layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a binder resin, a hole transport material, and an electron transport material. The binder resin includes a polyester resin. The polyester resin includes a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) shown below and a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) shown below. ##STR00001##
A content percentage of the polyester resin in the photosensitive layer is at least 0.3% by mass and no greater than 7.0% by mass.

Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical characteristics, and in which image deletion is satisfactorily suppressed, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer which includes a polymerized product of a hole transporting substance having a reactive functional group, in which a structure other than the reactive functional group of the hole transporting substance is one of: a structure consisting of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom; and a structure consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom, and the structure other than the reactive functional group of the hole transporting substance comprises a specific conjugate structure.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate, and an inorganic protective layer on the organic photosensitive layer. A layer that constitutes a surface of the organic photosensitive layer contains a charge transport material, a binder resin, silica particles, and a silicone compound.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive support. A top surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes fluorine-containing resin particles, a fluorine-containing dispersant, and two or more charge transporting materials. When the charge transporting materials are listed in order of decreasing HOMO energy levels, a difference in HOMO energy level between each adjacent two of the charge The ratio A of the amount of each of the charge transporting materials to the total amount of the charge transporting materials satisfies the condition 1 below,

[(100/N)−(100/N×0.3)]≤A≤[(100/N)+(100/N×0.3)]  Condition 1 where N represents the number of types of the charge transporting materials included in the top surface layer.

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes: a conductive substrate; and a single-layer-type photoconductive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, and an electron transporting material, and has an index A represented by the following equation (1) in a range of −7.98 or more and −7.28 or less, Equation (1): A=(0.057×M)−(0.002×F)−(0.252×μ), in which, in the equation (1), M represents a Martens hardness of the single-layer-type photoconductive layer, F represents a Young's modulus of the single-layer-type photoconductive layer, and μ represents an elastic deformation ratio of the single-layer-type photoconductive layer.