The undercoat layer contains metal particles and a polyamide resin. The metal particle has a core and a coat layer covering at least a part of the core. The core contains titanium oxide. The coat layer contains at least a metal oxide different from titanium oxide. The metal oxide different from the titanium oxide is located on the outermost surface of the metal particles. The polyamide resin has an amide bond and an alkylene group. The absorption rate of the first peak derived from the amide bond to the second peak derived from the alkylene group to the first absorbance measured by infrared spectroscopy is ≥0.70.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the undercoat layer comprises a polyamide resin, and titanium oxide particles having been subjected to a surface treatment with an organic silicon compound, when an average primary particle size of the titanium oxide particles having been subjected to the surface treatment with the organic silicon compound is defined as “b” [μm], and a mass ratio of a Si element to TiO.sub.2 in the titanium oxide particles having been subjected to the surface treatment with the organic silicon compound is defined as “c” [mass %], “b” and “c” satisfy a relationship expressed by the following Expression (B), 0.025≤b×c≤0.050, and the photosensitive layer is a monolayer type photosensitive layer comprising a charge generating substance, a hole transporting substance, and an electron transporting substance.

Shaping a photoconductive drum includes preparing a dispersion having a charge generation composition and dipping an elongated support element into the dispersion. Withdrawing from the dispersion portions of the support element at different speeds results in different thicknesses of charge generation composition on the support element. Faster withdrawal results in thicker charge generation composition than does slower withdrawal. Portions with thicker composition provide denser optical densities compared to thinner composition allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. Coating the support element with a charge transport layer occurs next, then curing. Oxidation of the support element may occur prior to application of the charge generation composition. A protective overcoat may also exist over the charge transport layer.

A photoconductive drum includes an elongated support element with a shaped charge generation layer. The layer extends from the support element at various thicknesses along a length thereof. Thicker charge generation portions provides denser optical densities compared to thinner portions allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. A charge transport layer overcoats the charge generation layer. Optionally, an oxidation layer underlies the charge generation layer as does a protective overcoat overlying the charge transport layer. Various thicknesses and shapes of the charge generation layer are also disclosed.

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that reduces the accumulation of charge and the leakage which are caused by a repeated use in a long period of time. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, wherein the undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin, and a titanium oxide particle, wherein the titanium oxide particle has been surfacetreated with an organosilicon compound, wherein the undercoat layer satisfies 1070, where represents a degree [%] of hydrophobicity of the titanium oxide particle which has been surfacetreated with the organosilicon compound; and the undercoat layer satisfies 0.015()0.040, where represents an average primary particle size [m] of the titanium oxide particles, and represents a weight percentage [wt %] of an Si element of the organosilicon compound with respect to the titanium oxide particle.

There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of an adequately high initial sensitivity as the electrophotographic photosensitive member and reduction in the fluctuation of a light portion potential at the time of repeated use. An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an electroconductive layer and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the electroconductive layer contains a binder material and a metal oxide particle; the metal oxide particle has a core material containing a titanium oxide, and a covering layer which covers the core material and contains the titanium oxide; and when the oxygen deficiency ratio of the metal oxide particle is represented by A, the oxygen deficiency ratio of the core material is represented by B, and the oxygen deficiency ratio of the covering layer is represented by C, the Expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: A2% (1) and 10B<C (2).

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer, the undercoat layer containing a binder resin and strontium titanate particles, the surface layer being a cured film of a composition containing at least one compound selected from a guanamine compound and a melamine compound, and a charge transport material having at least one substituent selected from OH, OCH.sub.3, NH.sub.2, SH, and COOH.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of abrasion resistance and the suppression of a ghost. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; an undercoat layer; a charge-generating layer; and a charge-transporting layer, the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being arranged in the stated order on the support, wherein the charge-transporting layer includes a charge-transporting substance, and a polymer containing a structure represented by the following general formula (1) and a structure represented by the following general formula (2), wherein the charge-generating layer includes a phthalocyanine crystal and a binder resin, and wherein the undercoat layer includes strontium titanate particles and a binder resin. ##STR00001##

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes, in sequence, a support member; an undercoating layer containing a binder resin and an inorganic particle; and a photosensitive layer, wherein the binder resin of the undercoating layer is an alkyd-melamine resin, and the inorganic particle of the undercoating layer contains a strontium titanate particle.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in sequence, a support, a conductive layer, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer. The conductive layer is a cured film, and the cured film contains titanium oxide particles doped with niobium. The undercoat layer contains a cured product of a composition that contains an electron transport material having a polymerizable functional group and a resin functionalized with a carboxylic acid derivative.