An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a conductive support; a charge generation layer disposed on the conductive support, the charge generation layer including a charge generating material and a vinyl copolymer, the vinyl copolymer including a structural unit including a chlorine atom, a structural unit including an acyloxy group, and a structural unit including an aromatic polycarboxylic acid structure, a proportion of the structural unit including a chlorine atom to all the structural units being 80% by mass or more, a proportion of the structural unit including an aromatic polycarboxylic acid structure to all the structural units being 0.5% by mass or more; and a charge transport layer disposed on the charge generation layer, the charge transport layer including a charge transporting material and a binder resin.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form a toner image, an intermediate transfer belt configured to transfer the transferred toner image to a recording material at a secondary transfer position, a first cleaning unit arranged downstream of the secondary transfer position and upstream of the primary transfer position in a conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer belt and configured to clean the intermediate transfer belt, a second cleaning unit arranged downstream of the secondary transfer position and upstream of the first cleaning unit in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer belt and configured to clean the intermediate transfer belt, a conveyance unit provided opposite to the first and the second cleaning units at a position below the first and the second cleaning units and configured to convey the recording material, and a third space from which the first and the second spaces are accessible.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form a toner image on a recording material, a fixing unit configured to fix the toner image formed on the recording material by the image forming unit to the recording material, and a controller configured to cause the image forming unit to form an image on a basis of image information, the controller being configured to cause the image forming unit to form the image in which a first toner image and a second toner image is superimposed on each other on the recording material, the first toner image being a toner image corresponding to the image information, the second toner image being constituted by a pattern having anisotropy such that glossiness of the image changes depending on a direction in which the image is viewed.

An image forming apparatus includes an image-carrying component configured to carry a colorant image including an adjustment image, a transferring component having a recess in an outer peripheral surface and configured to transfer the colorant image from the image-carrying component to a recording medium in a transfer area while rotating in such a manner as to allow a retainer that is retaining the recording medium to pass through the recess, a transporting component configured to cause the recording medium retained by the retainer to pass through the transfer area, and a shielding component configured to shield the recess of the transferring component from colorant particles composing the colorant image.

An electrophotographic printing system for printing with a set of toners including a white toner. A plurality of printing modules are configured to print respective toner patterns, each including a toner image printed onto a receiver medium being transported on a transparent transport web and a corresponding registration mark positioned outside a border of the receiver medium. A registration mark sensing system is positioned to detect the printed registration marks. The registration mark sensing system includes a light detector positioned to detect light that is emitted by a light source, transmitted through the transport web and reflected off a non-white colored reflector plate positioned behind the transport web. The colored reflector plate has a color that provides detection signals for the registration marks having a magnitude that is greater than or equal to a predefined threshold.

An electrophotographic printing system for printing with a set of toners including a white toner. A plurality of printing modules are configured to print respective toner patterns, each including a toner image printed onto a receiver medium being transported on a transparent transport web and a corresponding registration mark positioned outside a border of the receiver medium. A first registration mark sensing system is positioned to detect the registration marks printed with a first subset of the toners that doesn't include the white toner. A second registration mark sensing system is positioned to detect the registration marks printed with a second subset of the toners that includes the white toner. The registration mark sensing systems each include a reflector plate positioned behind the transport web. The reflector plate for the first registration mark sensing system is white, and the reflector plate for the second registration mark sensing system is black.

An image forming apparatus includes an optical sensor configured to detect an image formed on an intermediate transfer belt. The optical sensor includes a first light emitting diode (LED), a second LED, a first photodiode (PD), and a second PD on a substrate. The first PD is arranged at a position at which specularly reflected light of light emitted from the first LED can be received, and scattered reflected light of light emitted from the second LED can be received. The second PD is arranged at a position at which scattered reflected light of light emitted from the second LED can be received. A light receiving surface of the first PD and a light receiving surface of the second PD are formed at different angles. The light receiving surface of the first PD has an area that is smaller than an area of the light receiving surface of the second PD.

An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer member, first and second transfer members, and a control unit. The control unit includes a first state where both the first and second transfer members are separated from the intermediate transfer member, a second state where the first transfer member contacts the intermediate transfer member and the second transfer member is separated from the intermediate transfer member, and a third state where both the first and second transfer members contact the intermediate transfer member. The control unit controls the driving member to move the moving unit, controls switch the first state to the second state and thereafter switch the second state to the third state. A rotation speed of the driving member when the second state is switched to the third state is lower than a rotation speed of the driving member when the first state is switched to the second state.

An image formation apparatus according to an embodiment may include: a first image formation section configured to form a first image of a developer containing a lustrous pigment; a second image formation section configured to form a second image of a dyeing developer; and a transfer section configured to transfer the first image and the second image on a medium such that the first image and the second image are stacked to each other on the medium.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer member, a moving portion, a driving portion, a voltage applying portion, a first detecting portion, and a second detecting portion. On the basis of a detection result of the first detecting portion when a first test voltage is applied to the transfer member by the voltage applying portion, the second detecting portion sets a second test voltage. The second detecting portion detects a position of the transfer member on the basis of a detection result of a current value by the first detecting portion acquired when the second test voltage is applied to the transfer member by the voltage applying portion.